Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of Bones

A

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Reservoir (calcium)
Hematopoesis (creation of blood)

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton 🩻

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage
Sacrum (is between hip bones)

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3
Q

Appendicular Skeleton 🦵

A

Pelvis
Upper, lower limbs
Scapula

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4
Q

Long bones
longer than it is wide

A

Articulate with other bones
Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metacarpal, metatarsals and phalanges

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5
Q

Short bones
cube or box shaped

A

As broad as they are long
Wrist (carpal)
Ankle (tarsal)

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6
Q

Flat bones
Broad, thin, curved surface

A

Shoulder blades (scapulae)
Ribs
Sternum
Compact bone

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7
Q

Irregular bones
clustered in groups, various shapes and sizes

A

Vertebral (spine)
Facial bones

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8
Q

Sesamoid bones
develop in tendons close to joints, protect from friction

A

Patella
Pisiform
Thumb
Big toe

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9
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense and ‘solid’ in appearance

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10
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Open space and network of thin, branched crossbeams
Spongy bone or trabecular

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11
Q

LONG BONE
Diaphysis 🦴

A

Main shaft like portion
Hollow, cylindrical, thick compact bone

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12
Q

LONG BONE
Epiphyses 🦴 spongy/cancellous

A

Proximal and distal ends of long bone
Bulbous shape, muscle attachments
Gives stability to joints

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13
Q

LONG BONE
Articular cartilage 🦴 (top)

A

Smooth, thin layer of hyaline cartilage
Covers articular/joint surfaces of epiphysis
Cushions jolts and blows

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14
Q

Bone tissue aka

A

Osseous tissue
Consists of cells, fibers and
extracellular matrix (hard and calcified)
Contains collagen
Support and protective function

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15
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Hard, calcified
More abundant than bone cells and fibers
Structure supporting function

A

Made of inorganic salts (calcification) and organic matrix (collagen, proteins, polysaccharides = ground substance)
Gel like
Supports, sticks cells and bone fibers
Cell metabolism for bone growth, repair, remodeling

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16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Create new bone 🦴

17
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down bone, reabsorb

18
Q

Osteocytes

A

Cells in lacunae

19
Q

Bone development

Endochondral ossification

A

process turning cartilage to bone

20
Q

Bone development

Intramembranous ossification

A

replacement of sheet-like connective tissue membranes with bony tissue

Between/within membrane, bone

(Baby’s head)

21
Q

Bone Growth

Appositional growth (wider)

A

Adding more bone material to outside, gets bigger

22
Q

Bone growth

Interstitial growth

A

Grow in length

23
Q

Function of Bone Marrow
(myeloid tissue)
Red Marrow

A

Childhood bones mainly
Present in adult ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, upper humerus, upper femur

24
Q

Function of Bone Marrow
(myeloid tissue)
Yellow Marrow

A

Replaces red marrow in adults
Can alter to red marrow if needed to increase blood supply

25
Bones and Homeostasis
Role of calcium homeostasis Regulation of blood calcium -> secretes parathyroid hormone calcitonin (regulates Ca levels in your blood by decreasing it)
26
Calcium homeostasis
Primary balance between Ca breakdown by osteoclasts and reabsorption by osteoblasts
27
Calcium needed for
Normal blood clotting Muscle contraction Nerve transmission