Skeletal System

Question 1

Purpose of Bones

Answer 1

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Reservoir (calcium)
Hematopoesis (creation of blood)

Question 2

Axial Skeleton 🩻

Answer 2

Skull
Vertebral column
Rib cage
Sacrum (is between hip bones)

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton 🦵

Answer 3

Pelvis
Upper, lower limbs
Scapula

Question 4

Long bones
longer than it is wide

Answer 4

Articulate with other bones
Femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula, metacarpal, metatarsals and phalanges

Question 5

Short bones
cube or box shaped

Answer 5

As broad as they are long
Wrist (carpal)
Ankle (tarsal)

Question 6

Flat bones
Broad, thin, curved surface

Answer 6

Shoulder blades (scapulae)
Ribs
Sternum
Compact bone

Question 7

Irregular bones
clustered in groups, various shapes and sizes

Answer 7

Vertebral (spine)
Facial bones

Question 8

Sesamoid bones
develop in tendons close to joints, protect from friction

Answer 8

Patella
Pisiform
Thumb
Big toe

Question 9

Compact bone

Answer 9

Dense and ‘solid’ in appearance

Question 10

Cancellous bone

Answer 10

Open space and network of thin, branched crossbeams
Spongy bone or trabecular

Question 11

LONG BONE
Diaphysis 🦴

Answer 11

Main shaft like portion
Hollow, cylindrical, thick compact bone

Question 12

LONG BONE
Epiphyses 🦴 spongy/cancellous

Answer 12

Proximal and distal ends of long bone
Bulbous shape, muscle attachments
Gives stability to joints

Question 13

LONG BONE
Articular cartilage 🦴 (top)

Answer 13

Smooth, thin layer of hyaline cartilage
Covers articular/joint surfaces of epiphysis
Cushions jolts and blows

Question 14

Bone tissue aka

Answer 14

Osseous tissue
Consists of cells, fibers and
extracellular matrix (hard and calcified)
Contains collagen
Support and protective function

Question 15

Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Hard, calcified
More abundant than bone cells and fibers
Structure supporting function

Answer 15

Made of inorganic salts (calcification) and organic matrix (collagen, proteins, polysaccharides = ground substance)
Gel like
Supports, sticks cells and bone fibers
Cell metabolism for bone growth, repair, remodeling

Question 16

Osteoblasts

Answer 16

Create new bone 🦴

Question 17

Osteoclasts

Answer 17

Break down bone, reabsorb

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

Cells in lacunae

Question 19

Bone development

Endochondral ossification

Answer 19

process turning cartilage to bone

Question 20

Bone development

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 20

replacement of sheet-like connective tissue membranes with bony tissue

Between/within membrane, bone

(Baby’s head)

Question 21

Bone Growth

Appositional growth (wider)

Answer 21

Adding more bone material to outside, gets bigger

Question 22

Bone growth

Interstitial growth

Answer 22

Grow in length

Question 23

Function of Bone Marrow
(myeloid tissue)
Red Marrow

Answer 23

Childhood bones mainly
Present in adult ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, upper humerus, upper femur

Question 24

Function of Bone Marrow
(myeloid tissue)
Yellow Marrow

Answer 24

Replaces red marrow in adults
Can alter to red marrow if needed to increase blood supply

Question 25

Bones and Homeostasis

Answer 25

Role of calcium homeostasis
Regulation of blood calcium
-> secretes parathyroid hormone
calcitonin (regulates Ca levels in your blood by decreasing it)

Question 26

Calcium homeostasis

Answer 26

Primary balance between Ca breakdown by osteoclasts and reabsorption by osteoblasts

Question 27

Calcium needed for

Answer 27

Normal blood clotting
Muscle contraction
Nerve transmission