Skeletal System Flashcards
1. Osseous Tissue 2. Axial Skeletal System (Skull Bones/Markings, Vertebral Column, & Thoracic Cage) 3. Appendicular Skeletal System (Shoulder/Pelvic Girdle & Upper/Lower Appendicular Skeleton)
1
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
What is the composite material that makes up bone?
(hint: 2)
A
- Collagen
- Hydroxyapatite
1. Collagen provides resiliency/flexibility
2. Hydroxyapatite provides hard/rigid structure
2
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
What specialized property does bone have during its remodeling?
A
Piezoelectric effect
The piezoelectric effect (in bones) refers to the ability to convert mechanical stress into electrical potentials. These electrical potentials illicit responses to rebuild bones in said areas of compression
3
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
If a person’s bone easily shatters (i.e., in older people), what composite material of bones are they missing?
A
collagen
Dr. Glass has a collgen deficiency
4
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
Do bones regrow? Why?
A
Yes, due to the piezoelectric nature of bones
5
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
What are the functions of osteoclasts?
A
Break down broken bones
6
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
What are the function of osteoblasts?
A
Synthesize new bones
7
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
Where are osteocytes (bone cells) found?
osteocytes are living bone cells
A
lacuna(e)
osteocytes are stuck in composite of hydroxyapatite and collagen matrix inside lacunae
8
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
In what direction does bone grow?
A
bone grows outward
9
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
1.
A
Spongy bones
10
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
2.
A
Blood vessels
11
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
3.
A
Compact bone
12
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
4.
A
Medullary cavity
13
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
5.
(inside the bone)
A
Endosteum
14
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
6.
(outside the bone)
A
Periosteum
15
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
7.
A
Compact bone
16
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
8.
A
Spongy bone
17
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
9.
A
Medullary cavity
18
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
10.
(hint: fibers)
A
Collagen fiber orientation
19
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
11.
A
Concentric lamellae
20
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
12.
(focus on the passageway)
A
Central canal
21
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
13.
(focus on the lining of the inside of the canal)
A
Endosteum
22
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
14.
(focus on the orientation)
A
Concentric lamellae
23
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
15.
(focus on the orientation)
A
Interstitial lamellae
24
Q
OSSEOUS TISSUE
16.
**(focus on the vascularature)
A
Capillary
25
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
17.
Vein (small)
26
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
18.
## Footnote
**(focus on the orientation)**
Circumferential lamellae
27
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
19.
Osteon(s)
28
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
20.
## Footnote
**(outside the bone)**
Periosteum
29
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
21.
Vein
30
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
22.
Artery
31
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
23.
Central canal
32
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
24.
Perforating canal
33
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
25.
Trabeculae of spongy bone
34
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
26.
## Footnote
**(inner lining)**
Endosteum
35
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
27.
Lamellae
36
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
28.
Canaliculi opening on the surface
37
# **OSSEOUS TISSUE**
What are the tiny projections that protude outwards connecting osteons called?
## Footnote
**(nutrients, electrolytes, etc. are transferred in these between osteons)**
canaliculi
38
# **BONE MARKINGS**
Any projection or bump
process
39
# **BONE MARKINGS**
An extension of a bone making an angle to the rest of the structure
ramus
40
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A large, rough projection
## Footnote
**(processes formed where tendons or ligaments are attached)**
trochanter
41
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A rough projection
## Footnote
**(processes formed where tendons or ligaments are attached)**
tuberosity
42
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A small, rounded projection
## Footnote
**(processes formed where tendons or ligaments are attached)**
tubercle
43
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A prominent ridge
## Footnote
**(processes formed where tendons or ligaments are attached)**
crest
44
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A pointed process
## Footnote
**(processes formed where tendons or ligaments are attached)**
spine
45
# **BONE MARKINGS**
Expanded articulation end of an epiphysis
## Footnote
**(processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones)**
Head
46
# **BONE MARKINGS**
Narrower connection between the epiphysis/diaphysis
## Footnote
**(processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones)**
Neck
47
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A smooth, rounded articular process
## Footnote
**(processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones)**
Condyle
48
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
## Footnote
**(processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones)**
trochlea
49
# **BONE MARKINGS**
Small, flat articular surfaces
## Footnote
**(processes formed for articulation with adjacent bones)**
facet(s)
50
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A shallow depression
Fossa
51
# **BONE MARKINGS**
Rounded passageways for blood vessels and/or nerves
foramen
52
# **BONE MARKINGS**
An elongated cleft
fissure
53
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A passageway through the bone substance of a bone
Meatus (or canal)
54
# **BONE MARKINGS**
A chamber within a bone, normally filed with air
Sinus (or antrum)
55
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
1.
Parietal bone
56
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
2.
Supraorbital foramen
57
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
3.
Sphenoid bone
58
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
4.
Temporal bone
59
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
5.
Ethmoid bone
60
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
6.
Palatine bone
61
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
7.
Lacrimal bone
62
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
8.
Zygomaticofacial foramen
63
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
9.
Zygomatic bone
64
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
10.
Nasal bone
65
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
11.
Maxilla
66
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
12.
Inferior nasal concha (or turbinates)
67
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
13.
Vomer
68
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
14.
Mandible
69
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
15.
Frontal bone
70
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
16.
Coronal suture
71
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
17.
Frontonasal suture
72
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
18.
Optic canal
73
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
19.
Superior orbital fissure
74
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
20.
Inferior orbital fissure
75
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
21.
Termporal process of the zygomatic bone
76
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
22.
Infra-orbital foramen
77
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
23.
Middle nasal concha (or turbinates)
78
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
24.
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
79
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
25.
Mental foramen
80
# **SKULL BONES, FRONTAL VIEW**
26.
Mental protuberance
81
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
1.
Coronal suture
82
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
2.
Sphenoid bone
83
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
3.
Supra-orbital foramen
84
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
4.
Frontonasal suture
85
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
5.
Nasal bone
86
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
6.
Lacrimal groove of lacrimal bone
87
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
7.
Ethmoid bone
88
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
8.
Infra-orbital foramen
89
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
9.
Maxilla
90
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
10.
Zygomatic bone
91
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
11.
Mental foramen
92
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
12.
Mental protuberance
93
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
13.
Mandible
94
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
14.
Zygomatic arch
95
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
15.
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
96
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
16.
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
97
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
17.
Styloid process
98
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
18.
Mastoid process
99
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
19.
External acoustic meatus
100
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
20.
Lambdoid suture
101
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
21.
Squamous suture
102
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
22.
Inferior temporal line
103
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
23.
Superior temporal line
104
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
24.
Parietal bone
105
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
25.
Frontal bone
106
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
26.
Temporal bone
107
# **SKULL BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
27.
Occipital bone
108
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Sagittal suture
109
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Lambdoid suture
110
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Squamous suture
111
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Temporal bone
112
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Mastoid process
113
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Styloid process
114
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Occipital condyle
115
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
8.
External occipital protuberance
116
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Mandible
117
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
10/11.
Right and left parietal bones
118
# **SKULL BONES, POSTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Occipital bone
119
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
1.
Occipital bone
120
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
2.
Lambdoid suture
121
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
3.
Sagittal suture
122
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
4.
Coronal suture
123
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
5.
Zygomatic bone
124
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
6.
Nasal bone(s)
125
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
7.
Frontal bone
126
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW**
8/9.
Left and right parietal bones
127
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
1.
Greater palatine foramen
128
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
2.
Frontal bone
129
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
3.
Lesser palatine foramen
130
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
4.
Zygomatic bone
131
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
5.
Vomer
132
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
6.
Sphenoid bone
133
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
7.
Foramen ovale
134
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
8.
Styloid process
135
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
9.
Mandibular fossa
136
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
10.
Temporo squama
137
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
11.
External acoustic meatus
138
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
12.
Jugular foramen
139
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
13.
Condyloid fossa
140
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
14.
Lambdoid suture
141
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
15.
Occipital bone
142
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
16.
External occipital protuberance
143
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
17.
Superior nuchal line
144
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
18.
Foramen magnum
145
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
19.
Occipital condyle
146
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
20.
Occipitomastoid suture
147
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
21.
Stylomastoid foramen
148
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
22.
Mastoid process
149
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
23.
Temporal bone
150
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
24.
Carotid canal
151
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
25.
Foramen lacerum
152
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
26.
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates (or processes) of the sphenoid bone
153
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
27.
Zygomatic arch
154
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
28.
Internal nares
155
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
29.
Palatine bone
156
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
30.
Maxilla
157
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
31.
Palatine process of the maxilla
158
# **SKULL BONES, INFERIOR VIEW (MANDIBLE REMOVED)**
32.
Incisive fossa
159
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
1.
Frontal bone
160
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
2.
## Footnote
**(entire bone)**
Ethmoid bone
161
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
3.
Sphenoid bone
162
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
4.
## Footnote
**(entire bone)**
Temporal bone
163
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
5.
Carotid canal
164
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
6.
Mastoid foramen
165
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
7.
Parietal bone
166
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
8.
Occipital bone
167
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
9.
Hypoglossal canal
168
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
10.
Jugular foramen
169
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
11.
Internal acoustic meatus
170
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
12.
Foramen spinosum
171
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
13.
Foramen ovale
172
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
14.
Foramen lacerum
173
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
15.
Foramen rotundum
174
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
16.
Sella turcica
175
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
17.
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
176
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
18.
Crista galli of the ethmoid bone
177
# **SKULL BONES, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
19.
Foramen magnum
178
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
1.
Coronal suture
179
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
2.
Frontal bone
180
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
3.
Sphenoid bone
181
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
4.
Sphenoidal sinus (right)
182
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
5.
Frontal sinus
183
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
6.
Crista galli of the ethmoid bone
184
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
7.
Nasal bone
185
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
8.
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
186
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
9.
Vomer
187
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
10.
Palatine bone
188
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
11.
Maxilla
189
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
12.
Mandible
190
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
13.
Styloid process
191
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
14.
Hypoglossal canal
192
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
15.
Occipital bone
193
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
16.
Internal acoustic meatus
194
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
17.
Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica
195
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
18.
Lambdoid suture
196
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
19.
Temporal bone
197
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
20.
Squamous suture
198
# **SKULL BONES, SAGITTAL VIEW**
21.
Parietal bone
199
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
1.
Foramen rotundum
200
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
2.
Superior orbital fissure
201
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
3.
Optic canal
202
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
4.
203
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
5.
Anterior clinoid process
204
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
6.
Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
205
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
7.
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
206
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
8.
Sella turcica
207
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
9.
Dorsum sellae
208
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
10.
Sphenoidal spine
209
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
11.
Tuberculum sellae
210
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
12.
Foramen ovale
211
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
13.
Posterior clinoid process
212
# **SPHENOID BONE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
14.
Foramen spinosum
213
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Superior orbital fissure
214
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Sphenoidal sinus
215
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Pterygoid canal
216
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
217
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
218
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Orbital surface of the greater wing
219
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Pterygoid processes
220
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Foramen rotundum
221
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Lateral pterygoid plate (process) of the sphenoid bone
222
# **SPHENOID BONE, ANTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Medial pterygoid plate (process) of the sphenoid bone
223
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
1.
Sella turcica
224
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
2.
Entrance to the optic canal
225
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
3.
Anterior clinoid process
226
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
4.
Superior orbital fissure
227
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
5.
Foramen rotundum
228
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
6.
Posterior clinoid process
229
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
7.
Foramen ovale
230
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
8.
Foramen spinosum
231
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
9.
Foramen lacerum
232
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
10.
Petrous part of the temporal bone
233
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
11.
Internal acoustic meatus
234
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
12.
Jugular foramen
235
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
13.
Hypoglossal canal
236
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
14.
Foramen magnum
237
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
15.
Posterior cranial fossa
238
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
16.
Middle cranial fossa
239
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
17.
Anterior cranial fossa
240
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
18.
Cribiform plate
241
# **SKULL BONE MARKINGS, SUPERIOR VIEW (WITH CRANIUM REMOVED)**
19.
Crista galli of the ethmoid bone
242
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
1.
Head (of the mandible)
243
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
2.
Molars (teeth)
244
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
3.
Mylohyoid line
245
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
4.
Coro**n**oid process
246
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
5.
Condylar process (or mandibular condyle)
247
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
6.
Mandibular notch
248
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
7.
Mandibular ramus
249
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
8.
Mandibular angle
250
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
9.
Mental foramen
251
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
10.
Mental protuberance
252
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
11.
Body
253
# **MANDIBULAR BONES, LATERAL VIEW**
12.
Alveolar part
254
# **IDENTIFYING VERTEBRA**
How do you distinguish if a vertebra is a part of the cervical vertebral column?
| (hint: 2)
## Footnote
**C1-C7**
1. A **bifid** spinous process
2. **Bilateral** transverse foramen
255
# **IDENTIFYING VERTEBRA**
How do you distinguish if a vertebra is a part of the thoracic vertebral column?
| (hint: 2)
## Footnote
**(T1-T12)**
1. The spinous process is pointed **downwards**
2. It has superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets (bilaterally) in order to articulate with ribs
256
# **IDENTIFYING VERTEBRA**
How do you distinguish if a vertebra is a part of the lumbar vertebral column?
| (hint:
## Footnote
**L1-L5**
1. The spinous process is **wide** and protudes outwards (with no angularture)
257
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
1.
Spinous process
258
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
2.
Inferior articular process
259
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
3.
Pedicle
260
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
4.
Vertebral body
261
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
5.
Vertebral foramen
262
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
6.
Inferior articular facet
263
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
7.
Tranverse process
264
# **VERTEBRA, INFERIOR VIEW**
8.
Superior articular process
265
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
1.
Superior articular process
266
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
2.
Transverse process
267
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
3.
Spinous process
268
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
4.
Inferior articular facet
269
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
5.
Inferior articular process
270
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
6.
Vertebral body
271
# **VERTEBRA, LATERAL & SLIGHTLY INFERIOR VIEW**
7.
Pedicle
272
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
1.
Superior articular facets
273
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
2.
Superior articular process
274
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
3.
Lamina of the vertebral arch
275
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
4.
Intervertebral foramen
276
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
5.
Intervertebral disc
277
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
6.
Spinous process
278
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
7.
Intervertebral discs
279
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
8.
Transverse process
280
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
9.
Vertebral body
281
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
10.
Inferior articular process
282
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
11.
Inferior articular facet
283
# **VERTEBRA, POSTERIOR/LATERAL VIEW OF THREE ARTICULATED VERTEBRAE**
12.
Vertebral body
284
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
1.
Superior articular facet
285
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
2.
Superior articular process
286
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
3.
Inferior articular process
287
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
4.
Spinous process
288
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
5.
Bifid tips of the spinous process
289
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
6.
Inferior articular facet
290
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
7.
Transverse foramen
291
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
8.
## Footnote
**(there are two 8's; one in each diagram)**
1. Vertebral foramen (above)
2. Vertebral arch (below)
292
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
9.
## Footnote
**(there are two 9's; one in each diagram)**
1. Transverse process (above)
2. Vertebral foramen
293
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
10.
Pedicle
294
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
11.
Transverse process
295
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
12.
Costal process
296
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
13.
Bifid tip of the spinous process
297
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
15.
Spinous process
298
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
16.
Lamina
299
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
17.
Superior articular process
300
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
18.
Superior articular facet
301
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
19.
Transverse foramen
302
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEWS**
20.
Vertebral body
303
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
1.
Posterior tubercule
304
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
2.
Posterior arch
305
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
3.
Facet for dens process
306
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
4.
Superior articular facet
307
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
5.
Superior articular process
308
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
6.
Anterior arch
309
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
7.
Anterior tubercle
310
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
8.
Vertebral foramen
311
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
9.
Transverse foramen
312
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
10.
Costal process
313
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
11.
Transverse process
314
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
12.
Posterior tubercle
315
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
13.
Vertebral foramen
316
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
14.
Posterior arch
317
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
15.
Facet for dens process
318
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
16.
Inferior articular facet
319
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
17.
Anterior tubercle
320
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
18.
Spinous process
321
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
19.
Lamina
322
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
20.
Transverse foramen
323
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
21.
Transverse process
324
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
22.
Superior articular facet
325
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
23.
Pedicle
326
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
24.
Dens process
327
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
25.
Vertebral body
328
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
26.
Vertebral foramen
329
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
27.
Spinous process
330
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
28.
Lamina
331
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
29.
Inferior articular process
332
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
30.
Inferior articular facet
333
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
31.
Transverse process
334
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
32.
Transverse foramen
335
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
33.
Superior articular process
336
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
34.
Vertebral foramen
337
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
35.
Vertebral foramen
338
# **CERVICAL VERTEBRAE, AXIS AND ATLAS**
36.
Pedicle
339
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
1.
Transverse costal facet
340
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
2.
Superior articular facet
341
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
3.
Pedicle
342
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
4.
Transverse processes
343
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
5.
Superior costal facet for head of rib
344
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
6.
Inferior vertebral notch
345
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
7.
Inferior costal facet
346
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
8.
Inferior articular process
347
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
9.
Spinous process
348
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
10.
Superior articular process
349
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
11.
Vertebral body
350
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, LATERAL VIEW**
12.
Inferior costal facet for head of rib
351
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
1.
Transverse costal facet for tubercle of rib
352
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
2.
Spinous process
353
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
3.
Lamina
354
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
4.
Transverse costal facet
355
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
5.
Transverse process
356
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
6.
Superior articular facet
357
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
7.
Superior articular process
358
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
8.
Pedicle
359
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
9.
Inferior costal facet
360
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
10.
Vertebral foramen
361
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
11.
Vertebral foramen
362
# **THORACIC VERTEBRAE, SUPERIOR VIEW**
12.
Superior costal foramen
363
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
1.
Superior articular process
364
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
2.
Transverse articular process
365
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
3.
Pedicle
366
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
4.
Vertebral body
367
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
5.
Inferior articular process
368
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
6.
Inferior articular facet
369
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
7.
Spinous process
370
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
8.
Spinous process
371
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
9.
Vertebral body
372
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
10.
Superior articular facet
373
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
11.
Vertebral foramen
374
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
12.
Vertebral body
375
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
13.
Spinous process
376
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
14.
Lamina
377
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
15.
Superior articular process
378
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
16.
Transverse process
379
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
17.
Pedicle
380
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
18.
Superior articular facet
381
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
19.
Vertebral foramen
382
# **LUMBAR VERTEBRA, LATERAL/SUPERIOR VIEW**
20.
Vertebral body
383
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Articular process
384
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Entrance to the sacral canal
385
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Sacral tuberosity
386
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Sacral tuberosity
387
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Lateral and sacral crest
388
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Lateral and sacral crest
389
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Median sacral crest
390
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Sacral cornu
391
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Coccygeal cornu
392
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Sacral hiatus
393
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Sacral promontory
394
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Auricular surface
395
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
13.
Sacral curve
396
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Coccyx
397
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
15.
Apex
398
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
16.
Sacral foramina
399
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
17.
Transverse lines
400
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
18.
Pelvic surface
401
# **SACRUM/COCCYX, POSTERIOR, LATERAL, AND ANTERIOR VIEW**
19.
Base (of sacrum)
402
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM**
How many ribs are there
12 ribs
403
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM**
Which ribs are the 'true ribs'?
Ribs 1-7
404
# * **RIB CAGE & STERNUM**
Which ribs are the 'false ribs'?
Ribs 8-10
405
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM**
Which ribs are 'floating ribs'?
Ribs 11-12
406
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Jugular notch
407
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Clavicular articulation (or notch)
408
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Sternum
409
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Manubrium
410
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
5.
(Sternal) body
411
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Xiphoid process
412
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Costal cartilages
413
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Floating ribs (11-12)
414
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Vertebrochondral ribs (8-10)
415
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
10.
True ribs (1-7)
416
# **RIB CAGE & STERNUM, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
11.
False ribs (8-12)
417
418
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
1.
Transverse costal facet
419
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
2.
Superior costal facet
420
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
3.
Tubercle of rib
421
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
4.
Angle
422
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
5.
Vertebral end
423
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
6.
Neck of rib
424
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
7.
Head (of rib)
425
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
8.
Attachment to costal cartilage (sternal end)
426
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
9.
Body of rib
427
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
10.
Costal groove
428
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
11.
Angle of rib
429
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
12.
Tubercle of rib
430
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
13.
Neck of rib
431
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
14.
Head of rib
432
# **THORACIC VERTEBRA + RIB ARTICULATION, SUPERIOR/POSTERIOR-MEDIAL VIEW**
15.
Articular facets (of rib)
433
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Acromion (process)
434
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Coracoid process
435
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Suprascapular notch
436
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Superior border
437
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Superior angle
438
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Rim of the glenoid cavity
439
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Lateral angle
440
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Lateral border (axillary border)
441
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Inferior angle
442
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Body (of the scapula)
443
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Medial border (vertebral border)
444
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Subscapular fossa
445
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
13.
Scapular spine
446
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Infraglenoid tubercle
447
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
15.
Acromion
448
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
16.
Supraglenoid tubercle
449
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
17.
Coracoid process
450
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
18.
Glenoid fossa (cavity)
451
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
19.
Lateral border
452
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
20.
Inferior angle
453
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
21.
Supraspinous fossa
454
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
22.
Medial border
455
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
23.
Superior border
456
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
24.
Coracoid process
457
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
25.
Body (of scapula)
458
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
26.
Acromion
459
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
27.
Neck of scapula
460
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
28.
Scapular spine
461
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
29.
Infraspinous fossa
462
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
30.
Lateral border
463
# **SCAPULA; COSTAL (ANTERIOR), LATERAL, AND POSTERIOR VIEW**
31.
Inferior angle
464
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Greater tubercle
465
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Lesser tubercle
466
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Head (of humerus)
467
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Anatomical neck (of humerus)
468
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Intertubercular sulcus
469
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Surgical neck
470
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Deltoid tuberosity
471
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Radial groove
472
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Radial fossa
473
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Lateral epicondyle
474
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Capitulum
475
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Trochlea
476
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
13.
Condyle
477
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Medial epicondyle
478
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
15.
Lateral epicondyle
479
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
16.
Radial fossa
480
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
17.
Coronoid fossa
481
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
18.
Capitulum
482
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
19.
Trochlea
483
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
20.
Condyle
484
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
21.
Medial epicondyle
485
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
22.
Shaft (body)
486
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
23.
Deltoid tuberosity
487
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
24.
Intertubular sulcus
488
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
25.
Anatomical neck
489
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
26.
Head (of humerus)
490
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
27.
Lesser tubercle
491
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
28.
Intertubular sulcus
492
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, ANTERIOR VIEW**
29.
Greater tubercle
493
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Head of humerus
494
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Anatomical neck
495
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Greater tubercle
496
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Surgical neck
497
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Deltoid tuberosity
498
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Olecranon fossa
499
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Medial epicondyle
500
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Trochlea
501
# **RIGHT HUMERUS, POSTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Lateral epicondyle
502
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
1.
Olecranon process
503
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
2.
Proximal radioulnar joint
504
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
3.
Head of radius
505
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
4.
Neck of radius
506
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
5.
Radius
507
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
6.
Ulna
508
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
7.
Interosseous membrane
509
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
8.
Ulnar notch of radius
510
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
9.
Ulnar head
511
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
10.
Ulnar styloid process
512
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
11.
Articular cartilage
513
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
12.
Distal extremity of radius
514
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
13.
Radial styloid process
515
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
14.
Ulnar styloid process
516
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
15.
Ulnar head
517
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
16.
Ulnar notch of radius
518
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
17.
Distal extremity of the radius
519
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
18.
Radial styloid process
520
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
19.
Radial notch of the ulna
521
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
20.
Coronoid process of the ulna
522
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
21.
Head of radius
523
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
22.
Capitulum
524
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
23.
Trochlea
525
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
24.
Medial epicondyle
526
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
25.
Humerus
527
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
26.
Ulna
528
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
27.
Head of radius
529
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
28.
Trochlea of humerus
530
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
29.
Olecranon
531
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
30.
Medial epicondyle of humerus
532
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
31.
Olecranon fossa
533
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, POSTERIOR-ANTERIOR VIEWS**
32.
Humerus
534
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
1.
Olecranon
535
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
2.
Trochlea notch
536
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
3.
Coronoid process
537
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
4.
Radial notch of ulna
538
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
5.
Head of radius
539
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
6.
Neck of radius
540
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
7.
Ulnar tuberosity
541
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
8.
Head of radius
542
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
9.
Radial tuberosity
543
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
10.
Ulna
544
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
11.
Radius
545
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
12.
Olecranon process
546
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
13.
Trochlear notch
547
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
14.
Coronoid process
548
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
15.
Radial notch
549
# **RADIAL-ULNA CONNECTION, ANTERIOR-LATERAL VIEWS**
16.
Ulnar tuberosity
550
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Radius
551
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Ulna
552
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Proximal phalanges
553
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Medial phalanges
554
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Distal phalanges
555
# **PALMAR BONES, ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Metacarpals
## Footnote
**1-5 metacarpals; 1 is at the thumb and increases to 5 at pinky**
**Base is proximal, shaft is medial, and head is distal in the metacarpals**
556
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
1.
Posterior gluteal line
557
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
2.
Posterior superior iliac spine
558
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
3.
Posterior inferior iliac spine
559
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
4.
Greater sciatic notch
560
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
5.
Lunate surface of acetabulum
561
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
6.
Acetabular fossa
562
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
7.
Ischial spine
563
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
8.
Lesser sciatic notch
564
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
9.
Ischial tuberosity
565
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
10.
Ischial ramus
566
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
11.
Obturator foramen
567
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
12.
Acetabular notch
568
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
13.
Inferior ramus of pubis
569
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
14.
Pubic tubercle
570
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
15.
Superior ramus of tubercle
571
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
16.
Pubic crest
572
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
17.
Acetabulum
573
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
18.
Inferior iliac notch
574
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
19.
Anterior inferior iliac spine
575
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
20.
Inferior gluteal line
576
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
21.
Anterior superior iliac spine
577
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
22.
Anterior gluteal line
578
# **RIGHT PELVIC BONE, LATERAL VIEW**
23.
Iliac crest
579
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
1.
Anterior superior iliac spine
580
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
2.
Anterior inferior iliac spine
581
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
3.
Obturator groove
582
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
4.
Superior pubic ramus
583
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
5.
Pectineal line
584
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
6.
Pubic tubercle
585
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
7.
Pubic symphysis (symphyseal surface)
586
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
8.
Inferior pubic ramus
587
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
9.
Obturator foramen
588
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**``
10.
Ischial ramus
589
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
11.
Ischial tuberosity
590
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
12.
Lesser sciatic notch
591
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
13.
Spine of ischium
592
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
14.
Greater sciatic notch
593
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
15.
Posterior inferior iliac spine
594
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
16.
Auricular surface for articulation with sacrum
595
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
17.
Posterior superior iliac spine
596
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
18.
Iliac tuberosity
597
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
19.
Iliac fossa
598
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
20.
Iliac crest
599
# **LEFT PELVIC BONE, MEDIAL VIEW**
21.
Arcuate line
600
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Articular surface of head (of femur)
601
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
2/7.
## Footnote
**POINTS LEFT-DOWNWARDS FROM HEAD OF FEMUR**
Neck of femur
602
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Fovea for ligament of femur head
603
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
4/8.
Greater trochanter
604
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Intertrochanteric line
605
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Lesser trochanter
606
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Shaft (body) of femur
607
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Lateral epicondyle
608
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Patellar surface
609
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Lateral condyle
610
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
13.
Medial epicondyle
611
# **FEMUR, ANTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Medial condyle
612
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Head of femur
613
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Neck of femur
614
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Greater trochanter
615
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Intertrochanteric crest
616
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Lesser trochanter
617
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Gluteal tuberosity
618
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Pectineal line
619
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Linea aspera
620
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Lateral supracondylar ridge
621
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Medial supracondylar ridge
622
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Lateral epicondyle
623
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Popliteal surface
624
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
13.
Lateral condyle
625
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Adductor tubercle
626
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
15.
Medial epicondyle
627
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
16.
Medial condyle
628
# **FEMUR, POSTERIOR VIEW**
17.
Intercondylar fossa
629
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
1.
Lateral tibial condyle
630
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
2.
Medial tibial condyle
631
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
3.
Head of fibula
632
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
4.
Superior tibiofibular joint
633
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
5.
Tibial tuberosity
634
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
6.
Head of fibula
635
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
7.
Interosseous border of fibula
636
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
8.
Anterior margin
637
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
9.
Shaft of fibula
638
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
10.
Interosseous border of fibula
639
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
11.
Shaft of tibia
640
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
12.
Interosseous membrane of the leg
641
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
13/16.
Lateral malleolus (fibula)
642
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
14.
Interior tibiofibular joint
643
# **TIB-FIB, ANTERIOR VIEW**
15/17.
Medial malleolus (tibia)
