Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the Skeletal System?

Answer 1

Supports and protects the body, provides a framework for movement, stores minerals, and manufactures blood.

Question 2

What is the Role of the Skeletal System?

Answer 2

The skeletal system provides support for the entire body, enables movement, protects vital organs and plays an important role in blood cell production, endocrine regulation and calcium storage.

Question 3

What are the 6 main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

1. Support
2. Attachment
3. Movement
4. Protection
5. Blood cell production
6. Storage

Question 4

Support (function of the skeleton):

Answer 4

The skeleton provides a framework that supports the body, allowing humans to maintain their shape.

Question 5

Attachment (function of the skeleton):

Answer 5

The bones of the skeleton provide an attachment surface for muscles, tendons and ligaments.

Question 6

Movement (function of the skeleton):

Answer 6

Muscles attach to the bones via. tendon. This tendon is attached to a joint to provide movement when the muscle is contracted.

Question 7

Protection (function of the skeleton):

Answer 7

The skeleton protects many vital organs.

Question 8

Blood Cell Production (function of the skeleton):

Answer 8

The skeleton is the site of haematopoiesis, the generation of blood cells, which happens in the red bone marrow.

Question 9

Storage (function of the skeleton):

Answer 9

Bone serves as a mineral storage deposit in which nutrients can be stored and retrieved. The most notable is calcium.

Question 10

What are the 5 types of bones?

Answer 10

1. Long bone
2. Short bone
3. Flat bone
4. Sesamoid bone
5. Irregular

Question 11

What is a long bone?

Answer 11

Long bones are longer than they are wide. They are comprised mostly of compact bone but are generally thick enough to contain considerable spongy bone and marrow in the hollow centre. Most bones of the limbs are long bones. The classification refers to the shape rather than the size.

Question 12

Examples of long bones:

Answer 12

Femur, tibia, ulna, radius, phalanges, humerus, fibula

Question 13

What is a short bone?

Answer 13

Short bones are roughly cube-shaped and have only a thin layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. They’re approximately as wide as they are long.

Question 14

Examples of short bones:

Answer 14

Trapezoid, carpus, tarsals, scaphoid bone

Question 15

What is a flat bone?

Answer 15

Flat bones are strong, bones that enable muscular attachment and protection of vital organs.

Question 16

Examples of flat bones:

Answer 16

Occipital, nasal, hip bone, sternum, ribs

Question 17

What is an irregular bone?

Answer 17

Irregular bones do not fit into the above categories. They consist of thin layers of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. As implied by the name, their shapes are irregular and complicated.

Question 18

Examples of irregular bones:

Answer 18

Vertebrae (sacrum, coccyx, mandible)

Question 19

What is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 19

Sesamoid bones are usually small, irregular-shaped bones that are embedded in tendons. The patella is an example of a sesamoid bone that sits within the quadriceps tendon.

Question 20

Examples of sesamoid bones:

Answer 20

Patella

Question 21

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

Answer 21

206

Question 22

What are joints?

Answer 22

Joints are where 2 or more bones meet. It is also known as an articulation. Joints can allow movement, but they can provide stability.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 23

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 23

How many types of joints are there?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

What are fibrous or immovable joints?

Answer 24

Bones are connected by fibrous tissue and don't allow movement, such as the joints found between the bones of the skull. These provide protection for the brain.

Question 25

What are cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints?

Answer 25

Bones are connected by cartilage and allow a little bit of movement, such as in the vertebral column. The vertebral column consists of many bones positioned one on top of the other, with a pad of cartilage, known as a disc, between the bones. The vertebral column is S-shaped. Movement is possible because the discs can compress slightly, allowing one bone to move in relation to the other. The actual movement that takes place at each joint is minimal, but the combined movement allows considerable flexibility of the spine.

Question 26

Examples of fibrous joints:

Answer 26

- Cranial sutures between bones of the skull. - Gomphoses between teeth and alveolar bone. - Syndesmoses between the radius and ulna, and between the tibia and fibula.

Question 27

What are synovial or freely moveable joints?

Answer 27

These are the most common types of joints in the human body and allow for maximum movement.

Question 28

What are some common features of synovial or freely moveable joints?

Answer 28

- Synovial membrane that lines the outside of the joint and encloses the synovial fluid. - Synovial fluid, which is found in the joint capsule, absorbs shock and reduces friction - Cartilage, which is a hard, rubbery substance that prevents the bones from rubbing together - Ligaments, which are fibrous straps that attach bones to bones at joints. Their function is to hold bones together and prevent dislocation

Question 29

What are some types of synovial joints?

Answer 29

Ball and socket, hinge, pivot, saddle, gliding and condyloid.

Question 30

What are some characteristics and functions of the synovial membrane?

Answer 30

The lining around the outside. It encloses the synovial fluid.

Question 31

What are some characteristics and functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 31

Fluid in the joint capsule. Its function is to absorb shock and reduce friction.

Question 32

What are some characteristics and functions of tendons?

Answer 32

Straps that surround a joint. They attach muscles to bones.

Question 33

What are some characteristics and functions of ligaments?

Answer 33

Straps that surround a joint. They hold bone to bone, prevent dislocation and add stability to the joint.

Question 34

What are some characteristics and functions of cartilage?

Answer 34

A slightly hard, rubbery substance that prevents the bones from rubbing together.

Question 35

What are some characteristics and functions of the bursa?

Answer 35

A fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body.

Question 36

What movements are possible with the ball-and-socket joint?

Answer 36

Backward, forward, sideways, rotating.

Question 37

Examples of ball-and-socket joints:

Answer 37

Shoulder, hip.

Question 38

What movements are possible with hinge joints?

Answer 38

Bending & straightening, flexion, extension.

Question 39

Examples of hinge joints:

Answer 39

Fingers & toes, knees, elbows.

Question 40

What movements are possible with condyloid joints?

Answer 40

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction.

Question 41

Examples of condyloid joints:

Answer 41

Wrist.

Question 42

What movements are possible with pivot joints?

Answer 42

Rotation.

Question 43

Examples of pivot joints:

Answer 43

Neck, forearm (radius & ulna).

Question 44

What movements are possible with gliding joints?

Answer 44

Slight sliding movements.

Question 45

Examples of gliding joints:

Answer 45

Bones of the wrist, vertebrae.

Question 46

What movements are possible with saddle joints?

Answer 46

Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction.

Question 47

Examples of saddle joints:

Answer 47

Thumb.