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sport a level > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the six functions of the skeletal system?

A

shape, support, movement, protection, mineral storage and blood cell production

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2
Q

what does the shape of your skeletal system do?

A

it gives you your shape including your height

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3
Q

what does the support of your skeletal system do?

A

provides support and something for your organs to attach to

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4
Q

what does the movement of your skeletal system do?

A

your bones provide attachment points so your body can move around joints

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5
Q

what does the protection of your skeletal system do?

A

protects the vital organs (e.g. the brain and spinal column)

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6
Q

how does blood cell production in the skeletal system work?

A

inside bones there is bone marrow which is where red and white blood cells are formed

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7
Q

what does mineral storage provide?

A

mineral storage in the bones provides a place for minerals like calcium and phosphorus to be stored

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8
Q

what is your axial skeleton?

A

the group of bones that go down the centre of your body

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9
Q

what is your appendicular skeleton?

A

the bones that make up your arms and legs and the bones attached to those

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10
Q

which bones make up your axial skeleton?

A

cranium, sternum, ribs, vertebrae column (cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)

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11
Q

which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

clavicle, scapular, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, radius, ulna, phalanges (ARMS), ilium, ishium, pubis (pelvis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (LEGS)

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12
Q

how many types of bone are there and what are they called?

A

5 bone types: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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13
Q

what is the structure like of a long bone?

A

longer than they are wide (femur, radius, ulna)

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14
Q

what is the structure like of a short bone?

A

short and almost cubic. weight bearing bones (tarsals, metacarpals)

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15
Q

what is the structure of a flat bone like?

A

bones that are flatter than wide, used to protect organs (ribs, cranium)

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16
Q

what is the structure of an irregular bone like?

A

an irregular bone is a bone that does not fit into any other category (vertebrae)

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17
Q

what is the structure like of a sesamoid bone?

A

similar to a short bone but in a joint, helps protection in joints (patella)

18
Q

how many types of joint are there and what are they called?

A

3 types: fixed joints, slightly movable/ cartilaginous joints, freely movable/ synovial joints

19
Q

what is a fixed/fibrous joint?

A

a joint that allows no movement, e.g. the bones in the cranium grow and develop to accommodate the brain

20
Q

what is a cartilaginous joint?

A

a joint that joins bones together with only cartilage. allows small movements in a certain number of directions e.g. the vertebrae

21
Q

what is a synovial joint?

A

a synovial joint allows a much larger range of motion, they are further divided into six groups

22
Q

what are the six types of synovial joints?

A

hinge joint, ball and socket joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, gliding joint

23
Q

describe a hinge joint

A

a hinge joint allows only flexion and extension, e.g. your elbow

24
Q

describe a ball and socket joint

A

a ball and socket joint is where one bone fits into the other, movement is allowed in all directions, e.g. shoulder or hip

25
Q

describe a saddle joint

A

a saddle joint is where one bone sits on top of another bone, they have a wide range of motion, e.g. your thumbs

26
Q

describe a pivot joint

A

a pivot joint looks like a pin in a groove, only allows rotation e.g. the neck

27
Q

describe a condyloid joint

A

a condyloid joint has movement in the directions, like a shallow pestle and mortar e.g. the wrists

28
Q

describe a gliding joint

A

a gliding joint is where two relatively flat bones come together and glide over each other. they allow little movement in lots of directions, e.g. the carpals and tarsals.

29
Q

name the 5 different parts of vertebrae in order

A

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccyx

30
Q

what are the top two vertebrae of the spine called?

A

atlas and axis, they make a pivot joint, allowing you to rotate your neck side to side

31
Q

what is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

A

helps you to turn your neck and protects the spinal cord

32
Q

what is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

attached to ribs and helps with breathing. also protects spinal cord

33
Q

what is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

provides the greatest amount of movement so bears a lot of weight , protects spinal cord and the biggest section of vertebrae in the body

34
Q

what is the function/structure of sacral vertebrae and the coccyx?

A

sacral vertebrae are fused together to make up part of the pelvic girdle (protects spinal cord), coccyx is fused together to make the base of the spine (no function)

35
Q

what is the description of a tendon?

A

tough fibrous material which connects muscle to bone

36
Q

what is the description of a ligament?

A

tough fibrous bands of tissue which connect bone to bone and help stabilize a joint

37
Q

what is the description of articular/hyaline cartilage?

A

cartilage covers the ends of bones which meet to form a joint and therefore allows freedom of movement. its a hard smooth material which doesn’t repair itself when damaged

38
Q

what is synovial fluid?

A

a lubricating fluid which prevents friction within a joint

39
Q

what is a synovial membrane?

A

a synovial membrane lines the joint cavity and covers the tendons and ligaments which pass through it. the membrane produces synovial fluid

40
Q

what is menisci?

A

pads of cartilage located in weight bearing joints (e.g. knee) to help bear the weight

41
Q

what are pads of fat?

A

pads of fat deposits located to protect articular cartilage

42
Q

what is bursae?

A

a bursae is a small sac formed in connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane and containing a small amount of synovial fluid. it is situated

sport a level (3 decks)

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