skeletal system

Question 1

what are the six functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

shape, support, movement, protection, mineral storage and blood cell production

Question 2

what does the shape of your skeletal system do?

Answer 2

it gives you your shape including your height

Question 3

what does the support of your skeletal system do?

Answer 3

provides support and something for your organs to attach to

Question 4

what does the movement of your skeletal system do?

Answer 4

your bones provide attachment points so your body can move around joints

Question 5

what does the protection of your skeletal system do?

Answer 5

protects the vital organs (e.g. the brain and spinal column)

Question 6

how does blood cell production in the skeletal system work?

Answer 6

inside bones there is bone marrow which is where red and white blood cells are formed

Question 7

what does mineral storage provide?

Answer 7

mineral storage in the bones provides a place for minerals like calcium and phosphorus to be stored

Question 8

what is your axial skeleton?

Answer 8

the group of bones that go down the centre of your body

Question 9

what is your appendicular skeleton?

Answer 9

the bones that make up your arms and legs and the bones attached to those

Question 10

which bones make up your axial skeleton?

Answer 10

cranium, sternum, ribs, vertebrae column (cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)

Question 11

which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 11

clavicle, scapular, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, radius, ulna, phalanges (ARMS), ilium, ishium, pubis (pelvis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (LEGS)

Question 12

how many types of bone are there and what are they called?

Answer 12

5 bone types: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 13

what is the structure like of a long bone?

Answer 13

longer than they are wide (femur, radius, ulna)

Question 14

what is the structure like of a short bone?

Answer 14

short and almost cubic. weight bearing bones (tarsals, metacarpals)

Question 15

what is the structure of a flat bone like?

Answer 15

bones that are flatter than wide, used to protect organs (ribs, cranium)

Question 16

what is the structure of an irregular bone like?

Answer 16

an irregular bone is a bone that does not fit into any other category (vertebrae)

Question 17

what is the structure like of a sesamoid bone?

Answer 17

similar to a short bone but in a joint, helps protection in joints (patella)

Question 18

how many types of joint are there and what are they called?

Answer 18

3 types: fixed joints, slightly movable/ cartilaginous joints, freely movable/ synovial joints

Question 19

what is a fixed/fibrous joint?

Answer 19

a joint that allows no movement, e.g. the bones in the cranium grow and develop to accommodate the brain

Question 20

what is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 20

a joint that joins bones together with only cartilage. allows small movements in a certain number of directions e.g. the vertebrae

Question 21

what is a synovial joint?

Answer 21

a synovial joint allows a much larger range of motion, they are further divided into six groups

Question 22

what are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 22

hinge joint, ball and socket joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, gliding joint

Question 23

describe a hinge joint

Answer 23

a hinge joint allows only flexion and extension, e.g. your elbow

Question 24

describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 24

a ball and socket joint is where one bone fits into the other, movement is allowed in all directions, e.g. shoulder or hip

Question 25

describe a saddle joint

Answer 25

a saddle joint is where one bone sits on top of another bone, they have a wide range of motion, e.g. your thumbs

Question 26

describe a pivot joint

Answer 26

a pivot joint looks like a pin in a groove, only allows rotation e.g. the neck

Question 27

describe a condyloid joint

Answer 27

a condyloid joint has movement in the directions, like a shallow pestle and mortar e.g. the wrists

Question 28

describe a gliding joint

Answer 28

a gliding joint is where two relatively flat bones come together and glide over each other. they allow little movement in lots of directions, e.g. the carpals and tarsals.

Question 29

name the 5 different parts of vertebrae in order

Answer 29

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccyx

Question 30

what are the top two vertebrae of the spine called?

Answer 30

atlas and axis, they make a pivot joint, allowing you to rotate your neck side to side

Question 31

what is the function of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 31

helps you to turn your neck and protects the spinal cord

Question 32

what is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 32

attached to ribs and helps with breathing. also protects spinal cord

Question 33

what is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 33

provides the greatest amount of movement so bears a lot of weight , protects spinal cord and the biggest section of vertebrae in the body

Question 34

what is the function/structure of sacral vertebrae and the coccyx?

Answer 34

sacral vertebrae are fused together to make up part of the pelvic girdle (protects spinal cord), coccyx is fused together to make the base of the spine (no function)

Question 35

what is the description of a tendon?

Answer 35

tough fibrous material which connects muscle to bone

Question 36

what is the description of a ligament?

Answer 36

tough fibrous bands of tissue which connect bone to bone and help stabilize a joint

Question 37

what is the description of articular/hyaline cartilage?

Answer 37

cartilage covers the ends of bones which meet to form a joint and therefore allows freedom of movement. its a hard smooth material which doesn't repair itself when damaged

Question 38

what is synovial fluid?

Answer 38

a lubricating fluid which prevents friction within a joint

Question 39

what is a synovial membrane?

Answer 39

a synovial membrane lines the joint cavity and covers the tendons and ligaments which pass through it. the membrane produces synovial fluid

Question 40

what is menisci?

Answer 40

pads of cartilage located in weight bearing joints (e.g. knee) to help bear the weight

Question 41

what are pads of fat?

Answer 41

pads of fat deposits located to protect articular cartilage

Question 42

what is bursae?

Answer 42

a bursae is a small sac formed in connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane and containing a small amount of synovial fluid. it is situated