skeletal system Flashcards
what are the six functions of the skeletal system?
shape, support, movement, protection, mineral storage and blood cell production
what does the shape of your skeletal system do?
it gives you your shape including your height
what does the support of your skeletal system do?
provides support and something for your organs to attach to
what does the movement of your skeletal system do?
your bones provide attachment points so your body can move around joints
what does the protection of your skeletal system do?
protects the vital organs (e.g. the brain and spinal column)
how does blood cell production in the skeletal system work?
inside bones there is bone marrow which is where red and white blood cells are formed
what does mineral storage provide?
mineral storage in the bones provides a place for minerals like calcium and phosphorus to be stored
what is your axial skeleton?
the group of bones that go down the centre of your body
what is your appendicular skeleton?
the bones that make up your arms and legs and the bones attached to those
which bones make up your axial skeleton?
cranium, sternum, ribs, vertebrae column (cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
clavicle, scapular, humerus, carpals, metacarpals, radius, ulna, phalanges (ARMS), ilium, ishium, pubis (pelvis), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, talus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (LEGS)
how many types of bone are there and what are they called?
5 bone types: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
what is the structure like of a long bone?
longer than they are wide (femur, radius, ulna)
what is the structure like of a short bone?
short and almost cubic. weight bearing bones (tarsals, metacarpals)
what is the structure of a flat bone like?
bones that are flatter than wide, used to protect organs (ribs, cranium)
what is the structure of an irregular bone like?
an irregular bone is a bone that does not fit into any other category (vertebrae)
what is the structure like of a sesamoid bone?
similar to a short bone but in a joint, helps protection in joints (patella)
how many types of joint are there and what are they called?
3 types: fixed joints, slightly movable/ cartilaginous joints, freely movable/ synovial joints
what is a fixed/fibrous joint?
a joint that allows no movement, e.g. the bones in the cranium grow and develop to accommodate the brain
what is a cartilaginous joint?
a joint that joins bones together with only cartilage. allows small movements in a certain number of directions e.g. the vertebrae
what is a synovial joint?
a synovial joint allows a much larger range of motion, they are further divided into six groups
what are the six types of synovial joints?
hinge joint, ball and socket joint, saddle joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, gliding joint
describe a hinge joint
a hinge joint allows only flexion and extension, e.g. your elbow
describe a ball and socket joint
a ball and socket joint is where one bone fits into the other, movement is allowed in all directions, e.g. shoulder or hip
describe a saddle joint
a saddle joint is where one bone sits on top of another bone, they have a wide range of motion, e.g. your thumbs
describe a pivot joint
a pivot joint looks like a pin in a groove, only allows rotation e.g. the neck
describe a condyloid joint
a condyloid joint has movement in the directions, like a shallow pestle and mortar e.g. the wrists
describe a gliding joint
a gliding joint is where two relatively flat bones come together and glide over each other. they allow little movement in lots of directions, e.g. the carpals and tarsals.
name the 5 different parts of vertebrae in order
cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccyx
what are the top two vertebrae of the spine called?
atlas and axis, they make a pivot joint, allowing you to rotate your neck side to side
what is the function of the cervical vertebrae?
helps you to turn your neck and protects the spinal cord
what is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?
attached to ribs and helps with breathing. also protects spinal cord
what is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?
provides the greatest amount of movement so bears a lot of weight , protects spinal cord and the biggest section of vertebrae in the body
what is the function/structure of sacral vertebrae and the coccyx?
sacral vertebrae are fused together to make up part of the pelvic girdle (protects spinal cord), coccyx is fused together to make the base of the spine (no function)
what is the description of a tendon?
tough fibrous material which connects muscle to bone
what is the description of a ligament?
tough fibrous bands of tissue which connect bone to bone and help stabilize a joint
what is the description of articular/hyaline cartilage?
cartilage covers the ends of bones which meet to form a joint and therefore allows freedom of movement. its a hard smooth material which doesn’t repair itself when damaged
what is synovial fluid?
a lubricating fluid which prevents friction within a joint
what is a synovial membrane?
a synovial membrane lines the joint cavity and covers the tendons and ligaments which pass through it. the membrane produces synovial fluid
what is menisci?
pads of cartilage located in weight bearing joints (e.g. knee) to help bear the weight
what are pads of fat?
pads of fat deposits located to protect articular cartilage
what is bursae?
a bursae is a small sac formed in connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane and containing a small amount of synovial fluid. it is situated
