Skeletal system

Question 1

The skeletal system is your body’s central framework, It consists of

Answer 1

bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Question 2

What are the function of skeletal system

Answer 2

Support-Framework for attachment of soft tissues and organs.
Storage of minerals and lipids-(inorganic ions) Calcium salts/store energy in yellow marrow.
Blood cell production-RBC/WBC and other blood elements in red marrow.
Protection-Skeletal structures surround many soft tissues/organs
Leverage-Magnitude and direction of forces generated by skeletal muscles

Question 3

Bones can be classified according to their shapes

Answer 3

Sutural Bones
Flat/oddly shaped between flat bones of skull; borders are like jigsaw puzzle

Irregular Bones
Complex shapes (short/flat/notched/ridged); found in vertebrae, pelvis

Long Bones
Long, slender; located in arm/forearm/thigh/leg/palms/soles/fingers/toes; femur=largest, heaviest bone in body

Flat Bones
Thin, parallel surfaces; form root of skull, sternum, ribs, scapula; provide protection for underlying soft tissues and attachment of skeletal muscles

Sesamoid Bones
Small, round & flat; found near joints of knees/hands/feet. Everyone has a patella (kneecaps)

Short Bones
Boxlike appearance; carpal bones (wrists) and tarsal bones (ankles)

Question 4

The long bone in a child is divided into four regions

Answer 4

Diaphysis (shaft or primary ossification centre),
Metaphysis (where the bone flares),
Physis (or growth plate)
Epiphysis (secondary ossification centre).

Question 5

the natural process of bone formation. : the hardening (as of muscular tissue) into a bony substance. : a mass or particle of ossified tissue

Answer 5

ossification

Question 6

dense & solid; forms sturdy protective layer that surrounds the medullary cavity

Answer 6

Compact bone

Question 7

(epiphyses contain mostly these) open network of struts/plates resembling 3D garden lattice

Answer 7

Spongy bone-

Question 8

(epiphyses contain mostly these) open network of struts/plates resembling 3D garden lattice (also called

Answer 8

trabecular bone

Question 9

Flat bone-spongy bone (called…….. in cranium) sandwich between compact bones

Answer 9

diploe

Question 10

Bone matrix: ………….makes up 2/3 weight of bone and incorporate other calcium salts. Without it, a bone will appear normal, but very flexible (1/3 of weight is ……….).

Answer 10

Calcium phosphate

collagen fibers

Question 11

……makes bones hard to withstand compression, inflexible and brittle while ……. makes bones strong, flexible and tough to withstand twisting/bending.

Answer 11

Calcium phosphate

collagen fibers

Question 12

Calcium phosphate + Calcium hydroxide + Calcium carbonate 

Answer 12

hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 13

stem cells in the bone that play a prodigal role in bone repair and growth

Answer 13

osteogenic cells

Question 14

the body’s raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated.

Answer 14

Stem cell

Question 15

A thin layer of connective tissue that covers the outer surface of a bone in all places except at joints

Answer 15

periosteum

Question 16

A membrane lining the inner surface of the bony wall also identified as the lining membrane of the Bone marrow cavity

Answer 16

Endosteum

Question 17

Are cells that form bone tissue

Answer 17

Osteoblasts

Question 18

Can synthesize and secrete bone matrix and participate in the mineralization of bone to regulate the balance of calcium and phosphate ions in developing bone. Osteoblasts are derived from osteoprogenitor cells.

Answer 18

Osteoblasts

Question 19

regulate local mineral deposition and chemistry at the bone matrix level

Answer 19

Osteocytes: