Skeletal system Flashcards
Shaft of the long bone
Diaphysis
Expanded ends of long bone
Ephysis
spongy bone; resembles a network of bony rods or struts separated by spaces
cancellous bone
outer surface of a bone
periosteum
membranous lining of the inner hollow cavity of the bone
Endosteum
central channel of the osteon that contains blood vessels and nerve fibers
Haversian canal
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
Trabeculae
mature bone cells; maintain normal bone structure by recycling calcium salts, assist in repairs
Osteocytes
produce new bone in process called osteogenesis
osteoblast
the process of replacing other tissues with bone
ossification
sheets of calcified matrix between which lacunae are found
Lamellae
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Lacunae
small channels that connect lacunae and link them to nearby blood vessels
Canaliculi
growth in width
appositional growth
works with calcitrol to increase calcium levels in the body
parathyroid hormone
derivative form of D3 produced in kidney which stimulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract
Calcitriol
depresses calcium levels in body fluids
Calcitonin
blood clot that forms at the site of a broken bone
Fracture Hematoma
cortex buckles but does not break
torus fracture
broken bone ends are forced into each other
impacted fracture
fracture of the distal radius at the wrist; creates fork shape
Colles fracture
inadequate ossification
osteopenia
any projection or bump
process
An extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure
ramus
large, rough projection
Trochanter
small rough projection
tuberosity
small rounded projection
Tubercle
prominent ridge
crest
low ridge
line
pointed process
spine
expanded articular end of an epiphysis, often separated from the shaft by a narrower neck
head
A narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
neck
smooth, rounded articular process
condyle
smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
trochlea
small, flat articular surface
facet
shallow depression
fossa
narrow groove
sulcus
rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves
foramen
passageway through the substance of a bone
canal
elongated cleft
fissure
chamber within a bone, normally filled with air
sinus
opening for a major sensory nerve from the face
infraorbital foramen
between parietal bones
sagittal suture
the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
coronal suture
the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
lambdoid suture
sites of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column
occipital condyles
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull; attached to ligaments that support the hyoid bone
styloid process
“Turk’s saddle”; depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sella turcica
holes in this surface of the ethmoid permit passage of the olfactory nerves
cribriform plate
cheekbone
zygomatic arch
a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue, larynx, and pharynx
hyoid
thoracic and sacral
primary spinal curves
cervical and lumbar
secondary spinal curves
C1
atlas
c2
axis
first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum
true ribs
ribs 8-12; do not attach directly to sternum
false ribs
socket in scapular that receives head of humerus
glenoid cavity
