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AnaPhy - Skeletal System > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic portion of bone tissue which is made up of complex mineral salt.

A

Hydroxyapatite

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2
Q

Bones in the vertical axis

A

Axial Skeleton (skull, hyoid bone vertebral column, ribs, and sternum)

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3
Q

Bones attached to the axial skeleton

A

Appendicular Skeleton (pectoral girdle, upper limb bones, pelvic girdle, and lower limb bones)

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4
Q

Bones that are longer than they are wide

A

Long bones (arm, forearm, fingers, thigh, and leg)

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5
Q

Bones that have approximately equal width and length

A

Short bones (carpals and tarsals)

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6
Q

Bones that appear compressed in one dimension

A

Flat bones (Cranium, sternum, ribs, scapula

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7
Q

Bones that do not fit as long, short, or flat.

A

Irregular bones (floor of the skull, facial bones, vertebrae, pelvic girdle bones)

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8
Q

Proximal and distal ends of long bones

A

Epiphyses

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9
Q

Shaft of long bone

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

Composed of hyaline cartilage that reduce friction as the joint moves between bones

A

`Articular cartilage

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11
Q

Plate of hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis; increase thickness when a person grows in height - becomes a line when a person has reached its maximum height

A

Epiphyseal plate

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12
Q

Small elevation (projection) in a bone

A

tubercle

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13
Q

Large elevation (projection) in a bone

A

tuberosity

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14
Q

Large process

A

trochanter (e.g. on femur)

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15
Q

shallow hole

A

foramen

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16
Q

shallow surface depression

A

fossa

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17
Q

deep hole

A

meatus/canal

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18
Q

Two types of bone

A

Compact (outer) and Spongey (inner)

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19
Q

Makes up a spongey bone; makes the bone relatively light-weight

A

Trabeculae

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20
Q

innermost section of a bone; site of hematopoiesis (forming of cellular blood components)

A

Marrow/medullary cavity - occupied by a marrow: red - (rbcs and yellow - adipose/fat)

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21
Q

Outside covering/wrapper of the diaphysis; anchoring point for tendons (muscles-bone) and ligaments (bone-bone); made up of dense connective tissue

A

Periosteum

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22
Q

secures/glues the periosteum to the underlying bone

A

Sharpey’s fiber

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23
Q

inner surface of long bones (near the marrow cavity); made up of thinner connective tissue

A

endosteum

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24
Q

modular units of bone

A

osteon/ haversian systems

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25
Q

middle of osteon; contains the blood vessels and nerves in the bone

A

central canal

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26
Q

dark spots around the cc; where osteocytes houses

A

lacunae

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27
Q

thin tubes that connect the lacunae; provide passageways for osteocytes

A

canaliculi

28
Q

concentric rings between the lacunae

A

lamellae

29
Q

building bone cells; release calcium into the blood stream

A

osteoblasts (one nucleus)

30
Q

mature bone cells; sense stress on the bone and add more material if needed; maintains the viability and the structural integrity of bone

A

osteocytes - most common in compact bones

31
Q

clearing/crushing out bone cells during bone resorption; deposit calcium into the bone

A

osteoclasts (many nuclei)

32
Q

hard, outer shell of the bone

A

cortical

33
Q

spongey-looking center of the bone

A

trabecular

34
Q

runs perpendicular to the central canal

A

Volkmann’s Canal

35
Q

Bone formation

A

Osteogenesis/Ossification

36
Q

4 stages of Ossification

A

Initial formation, bone growth, remodelling, repair

37
Q

At how many weeks does bone formation starts?

A

8 weeks of fetal development

38
Q

a fibrous membrane made up of collagen and other blood vessels where bones grow directly

A

Mesenchyme

39
Q

Model/template of bone structures; temporary; must be broken down prior to actual ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage

40
Q

During childhood, what process of bone remodelling is more prominent?

A

Bone synthesis by osteoblasts

41
Q

what do osteoclasts create during bone remodelling?

A

Acidic environment that dissolves the mineral content of bones

42
Q

what do osteoblasts produce?

A

Osteoid

43
Q

what happens to the osteoids when trapped inside the matrix?

A

become osteocytes

44
Q

what process osteoids undergo when they revert back to lining cells, covering the surface of the bone?

A

apoptosis

45
Q

In fracture, what do cartilage do?

A

Form a bridge between the ends of the broken bone

46
Q

What is the process of forming blood vessels in bone?

A

angiogenesis

47
Q

how many percent is the cortical bone in the skeletal mass?

A

80%

48
Q

in Ca homeostasis, what receptor gland release the hormone to increase Ca level?

A

parathyroid gland

49
Q

calcium in bones

A

calcitonin

50
Q

what bone cell activity is decreased when the Ca level is too high?

A

Resorption by osteoclasts since they are the one that release calcium into the blood stream

51
Q

sites where two bone meet

A

joints

52
Q

type of joint that permit only a little movement

A

fibrous

53
Q

type of joint that consists cartilage and is slightly mobile/movable

A

cartilaginous

54
Q

type of joint that is the most movable among all joints

A

synovial

55
Q

secretes the synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

56
Q

joints that allow sliding movement b/w flat surfaces

A

gliding

57
Q

joints that move in one direction (like a door hinge)

A

hinge

58
Q

joints that allow rotation

A

pivot

59
Q

joints that can move side-to-side, back and forth, but cannot rotate

A

condyloid/condylar

60
Q

joints that are concave shaped

A

saddle

61
Q

joints that consist of a spherical head in a round concativity

A

ball and socket joints

62
Q

uniaxial joints

A

hinge, pivot, gliding

63
Q

biaxial

A

condyloid and saddle

64
Q

multiaxial

A

ball and socket

65
Q

Functions of the Skeletal system

A

S - upport
M - ovement
P - rotection
S - torage
B - lood cell formation

AnaPhy - Skeletal System (1 decks)

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