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Human Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal System

A

dynamic organ system with tissues that grow and change throughout life

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2
Q

Structures of the Skeletal System

A

Bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
Other supportive connective tissues

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3
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A
  1. Framework for the body
  2. Support Body Weight
  3. Attachment for muscles -> movement
  4. Storage Reservoir: Ca+ and Phosporus
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4
Q

Cartilage

A

Supporting connective tissue

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5
Q

Semirigid Extracellular Matrix

A

Weaker than bone, but more flexible and resilient

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6
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cartilage
Produce extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells
-small spaces called lacunae

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8
Q

Mature Cartilage is

A

avascular

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9
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

most common
smooth surface (glossy)
functions:
-model for bone growth
-covers ends of long bones
-flexible support: nose, trachea, costal cartilage

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10
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Durable, resistant to commpression
ex: invertebral discs

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11
Q

elastic cartilage

A

resilent flexibilty that resists deformation
ex: epiglottis, ears

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12
Q

Functions of Cartilage

A
  1. Supporting soft tissues -> airways in respiratory system, auricle of ear
  2. Gliding surface at articulations (joints) -> smooth surfaces where bones meet
  3. Precursor model for bone growth -> beginning in embryo, cartilage grows and then is replaced by bone
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13
Q

Growth pattern of cartilage: Interstitial Growth

A

growth from within the tissue

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14
Q

Growth patterns of Cartilage: Appositional Growth

A

Growth along the periphery of tissue

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15
Q

Bone

A

supporting connective tissue

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16
Q

Characteristics of Bone Tissue

A

-four tissue types
-extracellular matrix is sturdy and rigid due to deposition of minerals (calcification)

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17
Q

Functions of the Bone

A
  1. Structural Support (framework)
  2. Protection of more delicate organs
  3. Movement - attachment site for muscles
  4. Hemopoiesis - blood cell production in red bone marrow
  5. Storage of mineral and energy reserves
    -> calcium and phosphate
    -> lipids stored in yellow marrow
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18
Q

Long Bones

A

Greater length than width

19
Q

Short Bones

A

nearly equal in length and width

20
Q

flat bones

A

broad, thin

21
Q

irregular bones

A

complex shapes

22
Q

Diaphysis

A

elongated, cylindrical shaft

23
Q

Epiphysis

A

regions at each end (proximal and distal), attachment site for tendons and ligaments

24
Q

Metaphysis

A

region between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains epiphysis and contains epiphysis (growth) plate

25
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

hyline cartilage covers epiphyses reduces friction and absorbs shock in moveable joints

26
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow space in diaphysis that houses yellow bone marrow

27
Q

Spongy Bone

A

contains red bone marrow
-> hemopoiesis

28
Q

Emdosteum

A

Covers most internal surfaces of bones
-contains bone cells

29
Q

Periosteum

A

covers external surfaces of bones, except where there is articular cartilage

30
Q

Blood Supply of Bone

A

highly vascularized

31
Q

Osteoprogenitor Cells

A

stem cells in endosteum and periosteum

32
Q

osteoblasts

A

secrete osteoid, forming bone matrix
->hardens

33
Q

Osteocytes In Bone Cells

A

Maintain matrix, detect mechanical stress on bone

34
Q

Osteoclasts

A

dissolve bone matrix, releasing calcium

35
Q

Compact Bone

A

Relatively dense, external surfaces pf long and flat bones

36
Q

Spongey Bone

A

open lattice of narrow plates called trabeculae
->internal surface of bones

37
Q

Basic unit of compact bone is the

A

osteon

38
Q

osteon

A

aka Haversian system
Cylindrical Structures
Run parallel to the diaphysis

39
Q

Central Canal

A

in center of osteon, containing blood vessels and nerves

40
Q

Concentric Lamellae

A

rings around central canal

41
Q

Osteocytes in Compact Bone

A

Housed in the lacunae between lamelle

42
Q

Canaliculi in Compact Bone

A

Tiny interconnecting channels that extend between lucanae, allow osteocytes to connect and communicating

43
Q

Perforating canals of compact bones

A

run perpendicular to and help connect multiple central canals

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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