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The Skeletal System > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult body?

A

206

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2
Q

There are five different types, defined according to their shape

A
  1. LONG
  2. SHORT
  3. FLAT
  4. IRREGULAR
  5. SESAMOID
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3
Q

Characteristics of Long Bones

A

The body’s levers.

They allow movement, particularly in the limbs.

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4
Q

Characteristics of Short Bones

A

Strong and compact bones.

Usually grouped in parts of the body where little movement is required

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5
Q

Characteristics of flat bones

A

Protective bones with broad flat surfaces for muscle attachment.

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6
Q

Characteristics of irregular Bones

A

Bones that do not fit into the other categories and have different characteristics

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7
Q

Characteristics of sesamoid Bones

A

A small independent bone or bony nodule developed in a tendon

The patella (kneecap)

The hyoid (base of the tongue)

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8
Q

Examples of long bones

A

clavicle

humerus

radius

ulna

tibia,

fibula,

femur,

metacarpals & metatarsals

phalanges

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9
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Carpals in the wrist

Tarsals in the ankles

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10
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Temporal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Zygomatic

Maxilla

Mandible

Palatine

Inferior nasal concha /Turbinator

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11
Q

Examples of flat bones

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Parietal,
  3. Frontal,
  4. Nasal,
  5. Vomer,
  6. Lacrimal (all of these are in the skull)
  7. Scapula (shoulder bone)
  8. Innominate bones (pelvis)
  9. Sternum (breastbone)
  10. Ribs
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12
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones

A

Patella (kneecap)

Hyoid

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13
Q

The skeleton is divided into two parts

A

Axial and Appendicular

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14
Q

Axial consists of

A

Supports the head, neck and torso

Consists of the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum

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15
Q

Appendicular consists of

A

Supports the appendages or limbs and attaches them to the rest of the body.

It consists of the shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and the lower limbs.

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16
Q

Functions of skeleton

A
  1. Support framework
  2. Provides attachments for muscles
  3. Forms joints to provide movement
  4. Forms erythrocytes in the bone marrow
  5. Stores calcium
  6. Protection
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17
Q

Two types of bone

A

Compact

Cancellous

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18
Q

compact

A

Compact bone is found on the outside of most bones and in the shaft of long bones.

To the naked eye this looks like a solid structure but under a microscope it looks like honeycomb, i.e. full of holes.

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19
Q

cancellous

A

This type of bone looks like a sponge

Found at the ends of long bones and in irregular, flat and sesamoid bones.

Bone marrow only exists in cancellous bone.

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20
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Haversian canals are passageways containing blood vessels in compact bone, lymph capillaries and nerves which run through the tissue.

21
Q

Medulla Cavity

A

The medullary cavity (medulla, innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts.

22
Q

perisosteum

A

The periosteum is a white thin membrane on the outside of your bones.

23
Q

osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells,

Osteoclasts resorb or break down bone

Osteocytes are mature bone cells.

24
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

25
epiphysis
End part of a long bone
26
Metaphysis
The metaphysis is the neck portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
27
Red Marrow
Red marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.
28
Yellow Marrow
Yellow bone marrow is made mostly of fat. Found in the medullary cavity in the shaft of long bones
29
Ossification
The natural process of bone formation
30
Types of Fractures
Simple Compound Greenstick Impacted Complicated Comminuted
31
Greenstick Fracture
More common in soft and flexible bones especially children’s, This is an incomplete fracture of a long bone
32
Impacted Fracture
**Impacted** A bone broken in **several places** A bone which has been broken and then one end is driven into the other
33
Complicated Fracture
A bone broken in several places
34
Simple Fracture
**Simple** (sometimes called closed) A bone has broken in one place and not damaged the tissue around it
35
Compound Fracture
Bone **pierces the skin and/or communicates** with the surfacof the skin through an **open wound**
36
Comminuted Fracture
A bone broken in several places
37
Three types of deformities
1. Congenital 2. Environmental 3. Traumatic
38
congenital
Those which are present at birth or are hereditary.
39
environmental
Sitting and standing incorrectly can cause long-term damage to the spine. Many people in sedentary work are affected by these causes.
40
Traumatic
Caused by accidents
41
Kyphosis
An exaggerated outward (toward the posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine
42
Scoliosis
A sideways curvature of the spine
43
Lordosis
An exaggerated outward (toward the posterior) curvature of the thoracic spine.
44
foramen magnum
The foramen magnum is a large, oval-shaped opening in the occipital bone of the [skull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skull). The [spinal cord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord), an extension of the [medulla oblongata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medulla_oblongata), passes through the foramen magnum as it exits the [cranial cavity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_cavity)
45
Tendon
A flexible cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
46
Ligament
Ligaments are elastic bands of tissue that connect bones to each other and provide stability and strength to the joint
47
cartilage
48
Bursa/bursae
A bursa is a closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body
49
Tibia is also known as
The shin bone, the larger of the two bones in the lower leg.

The Skeletal System (4 decks)

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