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gcse pe. > skeletal system. > Flashcards

skeletal system. Flashcards

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1
Q

what bones are in the arms?

A

humerus, radius, ulna.

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2
Q

what bones are in the hands?

A

carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

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3
Q

what bones are in the head?

A

cranium, mandible.

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4
Q

what bones are in the torso?

A

sternum, clavicle, scapula, ribs, vertebrae.

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5
Q

what bones are in the legs?

A

femur, patella, fibula, tibia.

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6
Q

what bones are in the feet?

A

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

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7
Q

what bones are in the lower body?

A

pelvis.

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8
Q

what are the six functions of the skeletal system?

A

blood cell production, mineral storage, movement, posture, protection, support.

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9
Q

what is blood cell production?

A

certain bones in the body contain bone marrow which produces red and white blood cells and platelets. bone marrow produces red blood cells and this bone marrow is found in bones like the femur and the humerous.

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10
Q

what is mineral storage?

A

the bones store minerals such as calcium, iron, potassium and phosphorous and release them into the blood when the body needs to use them.

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11
Q

what is movement?

A

the skeleton allows movement of the body as a whole and its individual parts. the bones form joints and act as levers, allowing muscles to pull on them to produce movement.

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12
Q

what is posture?

A

the skeleton gives the correct shape to our body.

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13
Q

what is protection?

A

the bones of the skeleton protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact. for example, the cranium protects the brain and the ribs protect the lungs.

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14
Q

what is support?

A

the skeleton keeps the body upright and provides a framework for muscle and tissue attachment.

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15
Q

what is a joint?

A

a joint is a place where two or more bones meet.

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16
Q

what is a synovial joint?

A

synovial joints are freely moveable and allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.

17
Q

what do synovial joints contain?

A

synovial joints have synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates or ‘oils’ the joint so it moves smoothly.

18
Q

what covers the end of bones in a synovial joint?

A

In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage which cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends.

19
Q

what is a ligament?

A

ligaments are a type of connective tissue and are tough, fibrous, and slightly elastic.

20
Q

what is the role of a ligament?

A

they connect bone to bone and help keep the joint together.
they can absorb shock because of their elasticity, which protects the joint.
they help maintain correct posture and movement.

21
Q

what is a tendon?

A

tendons are very strong, inelastic connective tissues that allow a muscle to pull on a bone to move it.

22
Q

what do tendons do?

A

connect muscle to bone.

23
Q

what are the four most important joints?

A

elbow joint, knee joint, hip joint, shoulder joint.

24
Q

what is a hinge joint?

A

this type of joint works like a hinge on a door and only allows flexion and extension.

25
Q

what is a ball and socket joint?

A

this type of joint allows movement in almost every direction.

26
Q

what are the articulating bones and muscles of the elbow joint?

A

bones : humerus, radius, ulna.

muscles : bicep, tricep.

27
Q

what are the articulating bones and muscles of the knee joint?

A

bones : femur, tibia.

muscles : hamstring, quadricep.

28
Q

what are the articulating bones and muscles of the hip joint?

A

bones : pelvis, femur.

muscles : gluteals.

29
Q

what are the articulating bones and muscles of the shoulder joint?

A

bones : scapula, humerus.

muscles : deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi.

30
Q

what are the 6 types of movement?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction.

31
Q

what is flexion?

A

flexion is bending a joint. this occurs when the angle of a joint decrease.

32
Q

what is extension?

A

extension is straightening a joint. this occurs when the angle of a joint increases.

33
Q

what is abduction?

A

abduction is movement away from the midline of the body.

34
Q

what is adduction?

A

adduction is movement away from the midline of the body.

35
Q

what is rotation?

A

rotation is where the limb turns around its long axis, like using a screw driver.

36
Q

what is circumduction?

A

circumduction is where the limb moves in a circle.

gcse pe. (22 decks)

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