Skeletal System Flashcards
Bone is a _______ organ
dynamic
What type of tissue is typical thought of as bone?
osseous tissue
CT stands for?
Connective Tissue
3 categories for neurovasculature?
nerve, artery, vein
Functions of the skeleton system? (6)
- support
- protection
- assistance in movement
- mineral storage/release
- blood cell production
- triglyceride storage
True/False: Juvenile bones produce have more red bone marrow
True - adults only have red bone marrow in certain places, the rest differentiates into yellow bone marrow
Triglyceride storage is a ______ storage.
energy (fatty)
%s for extracellular matrix?
15% water
30% collagen fibers
55 % mineral salts
match:
collagen fibers | organic
mineral salts | inorganic
collagen fibers | organic
mineral salts | inorganic
Why don’t mineral salts harden elsewhere in the body?
Hardens in the presence of collagen fibers
“Blast” means _______
“Clast” means _______
“Blast” means secretion
“Clast” means resorption/breakdown
Collagen fibers makes bones more ______ and help with _________ pressure
flexible, tensile
Mineral salts makes bones more ______ and help with _________ pressure
rigid, impact?
True/false: collagen fibers are needed for movement
True
4 types of osseous tissue?
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Lifecycle of osseous cells?
Osteogenic cells -> Osteoblasts -> Osteocytes
Osteoblasts form from monocytes (up to 50)
What is the function of osteoblasts? Where are they found?
Build bone. Near the Periosteum and the Endosteum.
What is the osteocyte and its function?
Osteocytes are mature bone cells. They are surrounded by their own secretions and no longer produce, however they remain alive and communicate with each other (via processes) to upkeep the daily metabolism of the bone
True/False: Osteoclasts are smaller than other types of osseous tissue
False: Osteoclasts are bigger than the rest
What is special about osteoclast membrane?
It has a “ruffled border” - an extremely infolded type of plasma membrane that secretes lysosomal enzymes to breakdown bone.
Two types of bone + alternate names (2 each)
Compact (Cortical, Dense)
Spongey (Tracecular, Cancellous)
Where do you find spongey bone? (4)
Epiphysis of long bones Flat bones (ie. skullcap) irregular bones (ie. spinal column) short bones (carpal bones)
Where do you fine compact bone?
Middle part/Diaphysis of long bones
thin layer outside any bone (for protection)
Name a benefit of spongey bone over compact.
Reduced weight
- easier movement
- protects red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow
Contains large spaces
Compact: Strength in ______
Spongey: Strength in ______
bending, compression
Compact bone has a ______ -like appearance?
tree-like
What are osteons?
Structural units of compact bone
What are Haversian systems?
Osteons
Osteons are organized along ______ __ ______
lines of stress
What are lamellae?
Concentric rings made of mineralized/hardened extracellular matrix within an osteon
What is at the center of an osteon? (4ish)
osteocytes, central canal, artery/vein/nerve, lymphatics
What are lacunae and where are they located
little holes containing osteocytes, within the concentric lamellae
True/false: an osteon only has 1 lacunae
False: an osteon is associated with multiple lacunae (and osteocytes)
Extensions of lacunae are called _______. What are their function?
canaliculi, allow for osteocyte processes to sit and communicate with each other
Interstitial lamellae are important for?
The breakdown of old osteons
What are Volkmann’s canals?
Perforating canals that allow neurovascular to get into the bone. They penetrate the periosteum and compact bone
Why is neurovasculature important?
Blood supply is needed to allow the bone to by dynamic (nutrients and oxygen supply)
Circumferential lamellae are along the ______ of the bone.
entirety (outside)
The periosteum adheres closely to the __________
circumferential lamellae
Circumferential lamellae is important for _______ growth
appositional (width)
Synonyms for diaphysis?
shaft, body
Metaphysis?
Present only in a growing individual, region between epiphysis and diaphysis
Metaphysis components?
hyaline cartilage/epiphyseal plate that will grow and harden into bone
Why does cartilage not replace itself when damaged?
No blood supply
Articular cartilage?
found on the end of all long bones
Layers of the periosteum?
- tough fibrous outer layer
- inner osteogenic layer
What cells are common to the region between the compact bone and periosteum?
Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts
What are Sharpey’s fibers?
fibers that enter into the bony matrix to allow for close adherence between the periosteum and compact bone
Where are triglyceride storage in a bone?
Medullary cavity
What lines the edge of the medullary cavity?
endosteum, similar in structure to the periosteum, with lots of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What lines the edge of the medullary cavity?
endosteum, similar in structure to the periosteum, with lots of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
