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Anatomy: Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bone is a _______ organ

A

dynamic

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2
Q

What type of tissue is typical thought of as bone?

A

osseous tissue

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3
Q

CT stands for?

A

Connective Tissue

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4
Q

3 categories for neurovasculature?

A

nerve, artery, vein

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5
Q

Functions of the skeleton system? (6)

A
  • support
  • protection
  • assistance in movement
  • mineral storage/release
  • blood cell production
  • triglyceride storage
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6
Q

True/False: Juvenile bones produce have more red bone marrow

A

True - adults only have red bone marrow in certain places, the rest differentiates into yellow bone marrow

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7
Q

Triglyceride storage is a ______ storage.

A

energy (fatty)

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8
Q

%s for extracellular matrix?

A

15% water
30% collagen fibers
55 % mineral salts

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9
Q

match:
collagen fibers | organic
mineral salts | inorganic

A

collagen fibers | organic

mineral salts | inorganic

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10
Q

Why don’t mineral salts harden elsewhere in the body?

A

Hardens in the presence of collagen fibers

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11
Q

“Blast” means _______

“Clast” means _______

A

“Blast” means secretion

“Clast” means resorption/breakdown

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12
Q

Collagen fibers makes bones more ______ and help with _________ pressure

A

flexible, tensile

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13
Q

Mineral salts makes bones more ______ and help with _________ pressure

A

rigid, impact?

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14
Q

True/false: collagen fibers are needed for movement

A

True

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15
Q

4 types of osseous tissue?

A

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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16
Q

Lifecycle of osseous cells?

A

Osteogenic cells -> Osteoblasts -> Osteocytes

Osteoblasts form from monocytes (up to 50)

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17
Q

What is the function of osteoblasts? Where are they found?

A

Build bone. Near the Periosteum and the Endosteum.

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18
Q

What is the osteocyte and its function?

A

Osteocytes are mature bone cells. They are surrounded by their own secretions and no longer produce, however they remain alive and communicate with each other (via processes) to upkeep the daily metabolism of the bone

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19
Q

True/False: Osteoclasts are smaller than other types of osseous tissue

A

False: Osteoclasts are bigger than the rest

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20
Q

What is special about osteoclast membrane?

A

It has a “ruffled border” - an extremely infolded type of plasma membrane that secretes lysosomal enzymes to breakdown bone.

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21
Q

Two types of bone + alternate names (2 each)

A

Compact (Cortical, Dense)

Spongey (Tracecular, Cancellous)

22
Q

Where do you find spongey bone? (4)

A 
Epiphysis of long bones
Flat bones (ie. skullcap)
irregular bones (ie. spinal column)
short bones (carpal bones)
23
Q

Where do you fine compact bone?

A

Middle part/Diaphysis of long bones

thin layer outside any bone (for protection)

24
Q

Name a benefit of spongey bone over compact.

A

Reduced weight
- easier movement
- protects red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow
Contains large spaces

25
Q

Compact: Strength in ______
Spongey: Strength in ______

A

bending, compression

26
Q

Compact bone has a ______ -like appearance?

A

tree-like

27
Q

What are osteons?

A

Structural units of compact bone

28
Q

What are Haversian systems?

A

Osteons

29
Q

Osteons are organized along ______ __ ______

A

lines of stress

30
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Concentric rings made of mineralized/hardened extracellular matrix within an osteon

31
Q

What is at the center of an osteon? (4ish)

A

osteocytes, central canal, artery/vein/nerve, lymphatics

32
Q

What are lacunae and where are they located

A

little holes containing osteocytes, within the concentric lamellae

33
Q

True/false: an osteon only has 1 lacunae

A

False: an osteon is associated with multiple lacunae (and osteocytes)

34
Q

Extensions of lacunae are called _______. What are their function?

A

canaliculi, allow for osteocyte processes to sit and communicate with each other

35
Q

Interstitial lamellae are important for?

A

The breakdown of old osteons

36
Q

What are Volkmann’s canals?

A

Perforating canals that allow neurovascular to get into the bone. They penetrate the periosteum and compact bone

37
Q

Why is neurovasculature important?

A

Blood supply is needed to allow the bone to by dynamic (nutrients and oxygen supply)

38
Q

Circumferential lamellae are along the ______ of the bone.

A

entirety (outside)

39
Q

The periosteum adheres closely to the __________

A

circumferential lamellae

40
Q

Circumferential lamellae is important for _______ growth

A

appositional (width)

41
Q

Synonyms for diaphysis?

A

shaft, body

42
Q

Metaphysis?

A

Present only in a growing individual, region between epiphysis and diaphysis

43
Q

Metaphysis components?

A

hyaline cartilage/epiphyseal plate that will grow and harden into bone

44
Q

Why does cartilage not replace itself when damaged?

A

No blood supply

45
Q

Articular cartilage?

A

found on the end of all long bones

46
Q

Layers of the periosteum?

A
  • tough fibrous outer layer

- inner osteogenic layer

47
Q

What cells are common to the region between the compact bone and periosteum?

A

Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts

48
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers?

A

fibers that enter into the bony matrix to allow for close adherence between the periosteum and compact bone

49
Q

Where are triglyceride storage in a bone?

A

Medullary cavity

50
Q

What lines the edge of the medullary cavity?

A

endosteum, similar in structure to the periosteum, with lots of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

51
Q

What lines the edge of the medullary cavity?

A

endosteum, similar in structure to the periosteum, with lots of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Anatomy: Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems (1 decks)

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