skeletal system Flashcards
two subdivisions of the skeleton
axial and appendicular
axial skeleton bones are running through which direction of the body
vertical: so skull, vertebral column (spine) and thoracic cage (ribs)
appendicular skeletal system has how many bones
126
appendicular skeletal bones make up what parts of the body
limbs and pelvic girdle
whats the purpose of a skeleton
allows movement, protects organs, supports the body, makes blood and stores minerals
what is adipose tissue
fat
what does the rib cage protect- what does the vertebrae protect
thoracic organs-spine
what part of the system allows for movement
attached skeletal muscle
what minerals do bones store and their purpose
calcium-keeps bones strong and phosphorus- helps body make proteins for health and repair of cells and tissues
how many bones in the adult skeleton
206
where is fat stored in bone
internal marrow cavity
describe compact bone
homogeneous, dense, smooth, carries blood vessels and nerves
describe spongy bone
trabeculae (small needle like pieces of bone) and open space filled with marrow, blood vessels and nerves
describe long bones
mostly compact bone with spongy bone ends, all limb bones besides carpals and knee caps, where hematopoiesis occurs,
what is blood cell formation called
hematopoiesis
what are osteocytes
mature bone cells situated in the bone matrix, inside lacunae-compact
what are lacunae
cavities in the bone matrix-compact
what are lamellae
Concentric circles of lacunae situated around the central canal (haversian)-compact
what is the central canal
opening at the center of an osteon
long-Describe the diaphysis (shaft)
a shaft with enlarged ends and an outside covering called a periosteum
what secures he periosteum to the bone underneath
perforating sharpeys fibers
what is the epiphyseal line
the evidence of the plate with the same name that children have. The plate was made of hyaline cartilage that helped them grow.
what is the endosteum
what lines the inner surface of the shaft
and is made of connective tissue
what is medullary tissue
cavity in the shaft that contains red marrow for kids and mostly yellow for adults
describe flat bones
Thin, flattened, and usually curved Two thin layers of compact bone sandwich a layer of spongy bone between them Examples: Most bones of the skull Ribs Sternum
describe short bones
Generally cube-shaped
Contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone
Sesamoid bones are a type of short bone that form within tendons (patella)
ankles and wrists
vertebrae and hips bones are what type of bone
irregular
what is a joint
where two bones meet
what is the purpose of joints
mobility and holds bones together
slightly movable joints are called
amphiarthrosis
freely movable joints are called
diarthroses
what are the four distinguishing features of synovial joints
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Joint cavity
Reinforcing ligaments
where is synovial fluid found
the joint cavity
what are the different types of fibrous joints
sutures-immobile
syndesmosis-limited mobility(distal ends of tibia and fibula
gomphoses-immobile(where teeth meet cheek)
articulating bones are separated by what
a joint cavity
immovable joints are called
synathroses
what are fibrous joints connected by
fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous joints are connected by what
fibrocartilage
What are the 2 types of Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Immobile
Found in epiphyseal plates of growing longs bones
Symphysis
movable
Found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints
