Skeletal System Flashcards
Name the 5 sections of vertebra
— cervical — thoracic — lumbar —sacrum —coccyx
What is meant by the axial skeleton
—bones of the head and trunk only, around the centre of the body
What is meant by the appendicular skeleton
— bones of the limbs including shoulder and hip
Describe posture
— gives correct shape to body, helps one stand tall or short e.g. standing tall on a balance beam in gymnastics
Describe support
— Provides framework for the body and keeps the body upright e.g. holding body up in a rugby scrum
How does the skeleton protect
— protects vital organs in the body e.g. the cranium protects the brain from headshots in boxing
Describe storage of minerals
— bones store minerals such as calcium and is released when it is needed. e.g. Calcium strengthens bones to aid tibia in a football tackle
How does the production of blood cells help
— RBC made in the bone marrow and carries oxygen the body e.g. RBC produced in the femur enables marathon runners to run without fatigue
— describe movement
— skeleton allows muscles to attach and provides leverage to enable movement e.g. biceps and triceps stretch the the humerus allowing movement at the elbow in a bicep curl
What are the types of bones ?
— Long — Short — Flat — Irregular — Sesamoid
Describe Long bones
— bones that are longer than they are wider, mainly in appendicular skeleton
— supports weight and allows movement
Humerus, Ulna, Radius, metacarpals, metatarsals , phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula
Describe short bones
— Are short as they are wide, located in wrist and ankle joints
— provides stability and allows some movements
—Tarsals, carpals, Talus
Describe flat bones
— Are large flat style bones, mainly in axial skeleton
— protects organs and attach to muscles to allow movement
Cranium, sternum, scapula, ribs, pelvis
Describe Irregular bones
— often complex shapes
— helps protects organs like the spine (spinal chord)
Vertebrataea, ilium, ischium, pubis
Describe sesamoid bones
— small and round bones, found in the knee, hands and feet
— helps reduce stress on tendons
Patella
Give examples of fused joints
— pelvis, cranium
Give examples of sightly moveable joint (cartilaginous)
— vertabrae
Example of freely moveable (synovial ) joints
— knee, elbow
What are the types of synovial joints?
— hinge, ball socket, pivot
Describe the types of movement in a hinge joint
— flexion ,extension
e.g. elbow, knee, ankle
Describe the type of movement in ball and socket joints
—rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction
e.g. shoulder, hip
Give example of a pivot joint
— neck joint pivots
Function of ligaments
— connects bone to bone
Function of tendons
— connects muscle to bone
Function of cartilage
— prevents friction/ grinding of two bones
Function of synovial fluid
— acts as a lubricant
Example of condyloid joint
— wrists
Examples of saddle joint
— thumbs
What is the function of synovial joints?
— allows flexibility and stability where two bones meet
Describe flexion
— closing the angle of a joint towards the body. E.g upwards phase of a bicep curl
Describe extension
— opening of the angle of the joint. E.g. downwards stage of a bicep curl
Describe lateral flexion
— refers to the spine, bending side to side . E.g. preparation stage of a cricket bowl
Describe abduction
— moving away from the centre of the body e.g. outwards phase of a star jump
Describe adduction
— moving towards the centre line of the body e.g. inwards phase of a star jump
Describe horizontal abduction
— moving away from the centre of the body e.g. preparation phase of a discus throw
Describe horizontal adduction
— moving towards the body in a straight line e.g. execution phase of discus throw
