Skeletal System

Question 1

Name the 5 sections of vertebra

Answer 1

— cervical 
— thoracic
— lumbar
—sacrum
—coccyx

Question 2

What is meant by the axial skeleton

Answer 2

—bones of the head and trunk only, around the centre of the body

Question 3

What is meant by the appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

— bones of the limbs including shoulder and hip

Question 4

Describe posture

Answer 4

— gives correct shape to body, helps one stand tall or short e.g. standing tall on a balance beam in gymnastics

Question 5

Describe support

Answer 5

— Provides framework for the body and keeps the body upright e.g. holding body up in a rugby scrum

Question 6

How does the skeleton protect

Answer 6

— protects vital organs in the body e.g. the cranium protects the brain from headshots in boxing

Question 7

Describe storage of minerals

Answer 7

— bones store minerals such as calcium and is released when it is needed. e.g. Calcium strengthens bones to aid tibia in a football tackle

Question 8

How does the production of blood cells help

Answer 8

— RBC made in the bone marrow and carries oxygen the body e.g. RBC produced in the femur enables marathon runners to run without fatigue

Question 9

— describe movement

Answer 9

— skeleton allows muscles to attach and provides leverage to enable movement e.g. biceps and triceps stretch the the humerus allowing movement at the elbow in a bicep curl

Question 10

What are the types of bones ?

Answer 10

— Long
— Short
— Flat
— Irregular
— Sesamoid

Question 11

Describe Long bones

Answer 11

— bones that are longer than they are wider, mainly in appendicular skeleton
— supports weight and allows movement
Humerus, Ulna, Radius, metacarpals, metatarsals , phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula

Question 12

Describe short bones

Answer 12

— Are short as they are wide, located in wrist and ankle joints
— provides stability and allows some movements
—Tarsals, carpals, Talus

Question 13

Describe flat bones

Answer 13

— Are large flat style bones, mainly in axial skeleton
— protects organs and attach to muscles to allow movement
Cranium, sternum, scapula, ribs, pelvis

Question 14

Describe Irregular bones

Answer 14

— often complex shapes
— helps protects organs like the spine (spinal chord)
Vertebrataea, ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 15

Describe sesamoid bones

Answer 15

— small and round bones, found in the knee, hands and feet
— helps reduce stress on tendons
Patella

Question 16

Give examples of fused joints

Answer 16

— pelvis, cranium

Question 17

Give examples of sightly moveable joint (cartilaginous)

Answer 17

— vertabrae

Question 18

Example of freely moveable (synovial ) joints

Answer 18

— knee, elbow

Question 19

What are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 19

— hinge, ball socket, pivot

Question 20

Describe the types of movement in a hinge joint

Answer 20

— flexion ,extension

e.g. elbow, knee, ankle

Question 21

Describe the type of movement in ball and socket joints

Answer 21

—rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction

e.g. shoulder, hip

Question 22

Give example of a pivot joint

Answer 22

— neck joint pivots

Question 23

Function of ligaments

Answer 23

— connects bone to bone

Question 24

Function of tendons

Answer 24

— connects muscle to bone

Question 25

Function of cartilage

Answer 25

— prevents friction/ grinding of two bones

Question 26

Function of synovial fluid

Answer 26

— acts as a lubricant

Question 27

Example of condyloid joint

Answer 27

— wrists

Question 28

Examples of saddle joint

Answer 28

— thumbs

Question 29

What is the function of synovial joints?

Answer 29

— allows flexibility and stability where two bones meet

Question 30

Describe flexion

Answer 30

— closing the angle of a joint towards the body. E.g upwards phase of a bicep curl

Question 31

Describe extension

Answer 31

— opening of the angle of the joint. E.g. downwards stage of a bicep curl

Question 32

Describe lateral flexion

Answer 32

— refers to the spine, bending side to side . E.g. preparation stage of a cricket bowl

Question 33

Describe abduction

Answer 33

— moving away from the centre of the body e.g. outwards phase of a star jump

Question 34

Describe adduction

Answer 34

— moving towards the centre line of the body e.g. inwards phase of a star jump

Question 35

Describe horizontal abduction

Answer 35

— moving away from the centre of the body e.g. preparation phase of a discus throw

Question 36

Describe horizontal adduction

Answer 36

— moving towards the body in a straight line e.g. execution phase of discus throw