Skeletal System Flashcards
appendicular
portion of the skeleton of vertebrates made up of bones that support appendages(126 bones)
axial
head & trunk of the vertebrate and supports the upright position (80 bones)
total bones in a human body
206 bones
skeletal system
support and protection & body movement
epiphysis
the end part of a long bone
Diaphysis
the shaft or central part of a long bone.
articular cartilage
hyaline,cartilage,padding
periosteum
membrane that covers entire bone
medullary cavity
hollow chamber filled with bone marrow
red bone marrow
red blood cells ,white blood cells and platelets are all produced in the red marrow takes place
yellow bone marrow
the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy
compact bone tissue
wall of the diaphysis
spongy bone tissue
cancellous epiphysis
long bone
cylinder like shape longer than it is wide
short bone
cube like shape equal in length width and thickness
flat bone
thin and curved
irregular bone
complex shape
sesamoid bone
small and round embedded in tendons
pivot joint
(vertebrae in neck area) a rounded portion of a bone is enclosed within a ring
hinge joint
(ebow)This type of joint allows only for bending and straightening motions along a single axis
saddle joint
(thumb) both of the articulating surfaces for the bones have a saddle shape, which is concave in one direction and convex in the other
ball & socket joint
(hip) At these joints, the rounded head of one bone fits into the concave articulation (the socket) of the adjacent bone.
condyloid joint
(wrist) the shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone or bones.
plane joint
(between tarsals ) the articulating surfaces of the bones are flat or slightly curved and of approximately the same size,
flexion/extension
Movements that take place within the sagittal plane
adduction
Moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body
(condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
supination
the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions
dorsiflexion
movements at the ankle joint the top of the foot moves towards the anterior leg
inversion
the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline
protraction
the shoulder moves forward as when pushing against something or throwing a ball
depression
a downward movement (jaw ,shoulder)
opposition
the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.
lateral flexion
the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side.
abduction
Brings the limb toward the body or across the midline (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
circumduction
Movement of a body region in a circular manner
pronation
the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated
plantar flexion
movement at the ankle joint lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing downward
eversion
turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline
retraction
the opposite motion the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially toward the vertebral column
elevation
upward movement of the scapula and shoulder
reposition
returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger
rotation
occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint.
Humerus
the arm bone between your shoulder and your elbow
Radius/Ulna
The forearm consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna, with the ulna is located on the pinky side and the radius on your thumb side.
Carpal
the eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm
Metacarpals
the long slender bones which connect your wrist to your fingers
Phalanges
the tubular bones of the fingers and thumb
Femur
Your thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body.
Tibia
Tibia and fibula are the two long bones located in the lower leg.
Fibula
The fibula is a long bone in the lower extremity that is positioned on the lateral side of the tibia.
Tarsals
a set of seven irregularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area.
Metatarsals
The metatarsal bones are the bones of the forefoot that connect the distal
transverse
occurs straight across the long axis of the bone
oblique
occurs at an angle that is not 90 degrees
spiral
bone segments are pulled apart as a result of a twisting motion
comminuted
several breaks result im many small pieces between two large segments
impacted
one fragment is driven into the other usually as a result of compression
greenstick
a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken
open (or compound )
a fracture in which at least one end of the broken bone tears through the skin carries a high risk of infection
closed(or simple)
a fracture in which the skin remains intact
Main bones of the pectoral girdle
The pectoral girdle is made up of two major bones: the clavicle and scapula.
