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skeletal system > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

0
Q

tightly packed collagenous fibers may be parallel (regular) or matted (irregular)

A

dense connective tissue

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1
Q

connective tissue with cells and fibers embedded in a calcified ground substance

A

bone

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2
Q

a connective tissue with cells and fibers embedded in a gel-like substance

A

cartilage

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3
Q

unspecialized cells which have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. (capable of mitotic reproduction

A

osteogenic cells

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4
Q

immature bone cells found in the periostuem and endosteum .

(bone builders)

A

osteoblasts

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5
Q

these are osteoblasts that mature and migrate into the bone.

regulate resorption and deposition of calcium

A

osteocytes

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6
Q

large bones found in the bone surface, responsible for resorption of the bone during growth and rapir.

(killer Cells)

A

osteoclasts

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7
Q

dense irregular fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of the bone not covered by articular cartilage

A

periosteum

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8
Q

also known as cortical bone. very dense tissue organized in haversian systems, it forms the outer layers of the bone.

A

compact bone

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9
Q

also known as the collagenous bone, forms a lattice-like structure of spiked bone called trabeculae

A

spongy bone

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10
Q

the marrow cavity in the center of the bone site of blood cell production or fat storage

A

medullary cavity

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11
Q

a larger of osteogenic cells and osteoclasts that lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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12
Q

compact bone consist of closely packed osteons

A

Haversian systems

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13
Q

there are two types of bone marrow

A

red and yellow

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14
Q

is composed of mainly areolar and adipose tissue.

blends with dermis and fills unoccupied spaces.

A

superficial fascia

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15
Q

covers and permeates the muscles bones,nerves and blood vessels.
(it forms ligaments tendons and joint capsules surrounds all bone)

A

deep fascia

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16
Q

a layer of connective tissue that ensheathes the entire muscle, composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

A

epimysium

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17
Q

the sheath of connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fivers

A

perimysium

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18
Q

meaning within the muscle –a whispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheathes each individual muscle fibers.

A

endomysium

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19
Q

envelopes and holds the organs within their cavities .

A

visceral fascia

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20
Q

also known as sinews, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue

A

tendon

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21
Q

short bands of tough fibrous connective tissue composed mainly of long stingy collagen fibers.
(they serve to connect bone to bone )

A

ligaments

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22
Q

is a dense type of connective tissue composed of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a firm gel-like ground substance

A

cartilage

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23
Q

the most resilient cartilage it provides strength

A

elastic cartilage

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24
Q

found where strong support and minimum movement are required

comprises the intervertebral disks and the pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilage

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25
Q

a type of cartilage found at the joints over the ends of the bones where its commonly referred to as gristle

(is the most abundant in the human body )

A

hyaline cartilage

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26
Q

long
short
flat
irregular are all

A

bone shapes

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27
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A 
support 
protection 
movement facilitation 
mineral storage 
blood cell reproduction 
storage of energy
28
Q

a large rounded articular prominence

A

condyle

29
Q

a prominent border or ridge

A

crest

30
Q

a prominence above condyle

A

epicondyle

31
Q

a smooth flat surface

A

facet

32
Q

an opening though which blood vessels nerves ligaments pass

A

foramen

33
Q

a depression in or a bone

A

fossa

34
Q

a depression which accommodates a soft structure , such as blood vessel,nerve or tendon

A

groove

35
Q

a rounded articular projection supported on the constricted portion of a bone

A

head

36
Q

a less prominent ridge than acrest

A

a line

37
Q

a tube like passageway running without a bone

A

meatus

38
Q

a projection of a bone

A

a process

39
Q

a sharper crest

A

a ridge

40
Q

a slender projection

A

spine

41
Q

a large blunt projection found only on the femur

A

trochanter

42
Q

a smooth rounded process

A

tubercle

43
Q

a large rounded usually roughened process

A

tuberosity

44
Q

there are 3 types of muscle

A

skeletal smooth and cardiac

skeletal muscle = voluntary
Smooth muscle = involuntary

45
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to receive and respond to stimuli

A

excitability

46
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to actively generate force to shorten and thicken to do work (contract)

A

contractility

47
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to be stretched

A

extensibility

48
Q

the ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape

A

elasticity

49
Q

functions of the muscular system include:

A

motion
maintenance of posture
heat production

85% of all body heat is generated by muscle contractions

50
Q

muscle fibers can be classified as :::::;;

A

fast twitch or slow twitch

51
Q

muscle use oxygen to contract therefore they have numerous mitochondria and large concentration of myoglobin.

(it works for extended periods)

A

slow twitch

52
Q

work using anaerobic metabolisms, they are good for bursts of energy such as that required for weight lifting and sprinting.

A

fast twitch

53
Q

are composed of cylindrical organelles called myofibrils.

composed of thick and thin filaments known as actin and myosin

A

muscle fibers

actin = thin 
myosin = thick
54
Q

the light bands that contain only actin are called

A

I bands

55
Q

dark bands containing only myosin are called

A

A bands

56
Q

center of A bands are known as

A

H zone

57
Q

z line to z line are known as

A

sarcomere

58
Q

when a muscle contracts and the distance between the ends of the muscles changes…. concentric muscle shortens as it contracts.

A

isotonic contraction

59
Q

when a muscle contracts and the ends of the muscle do not move or the body part that the muscle affects do not move

A

isometric contraction

60
Q

a state of wasting away of muscle

A

muscular atrophy

61
Q

the reverse of atrophy,,,it is an increase in the diameter of muscle fiber more forceful contractions produce

A

muscular hypertrophy

62
Q

a reddish pigment which stores oxygen until needed for muscle contraction

A

myoglobin

63
Q

when muscles becomes depleted of oxygen due to excessive use the respiratory system can not keep up….(increase heart rate and breathing)

A

oxygen debt

64
Q

a condition of prolonged muscle contraction when oxygen debt becomes extreme

A

muscle fatigue

65
Q

a system of sensory and motor nerve activity that provides information as to the position and rate of movement of different body parts to the central nervous system

A

proprioception

66
Q

are cells that are distributed throughout the belly of the muscle.
(send information to the nervous system about muscle length or rate of change to prevent excessive stretching )

A

muscle spindles

67
Q

this receptor lies near the tendon junction

it transmits information regarding the tension in the muscle to the brain and spinal cord.
it limits excessive tension

A

golgi tendon organs

skeletal system (1 decks)

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