Skeletal System 1 Flashcards
the functions of the skeletal system
support and shape protect internal organs allows movement and anchors muscles stores minerals calcium and phosphorus site of hemopoiesis creation of new blood cells
types of bone cells
osteoblast they are cells that create new bone
osteoclasts that break down bone
osteocytes that are mature bone cells
what happens at 8 weeks in an embryo
ossification begins minerals begin to replace cartilage forming bone
what are fontanels
soft spot on a babys head
what are five types of bone?
long bone short bone flat bone irregular bone sesamoid
what are sesamoid bones?
small flat bones within tendons that are near joints to reduce friction
periosteum
tough outside covering them
contains osteoblasts blood vessels lymph vessels and nerves
epiphysis
spongy bone which contains red marrow
medullary cavity
yellow bone marrow is mostly fat cells but also contains cells that form white blood cells
where else is red marrow found?
ribs vertebrae sternum and cranium
what percent of bone is calcium and phosphorus and protein in water
65% calcium and phosphorus
35% protein and water
tendons
tough as flexible and attaches muscle to bone
ligament
strong bands of tissue that holds bone to bone it’s also flexible and allows small movement between bones
axial
skull,spinal cord, ribs, sternum, byoid bome
appendicular
shoulder girdle, arms,legs, pelvis
sutures
areas where cranial bones join
sinuses
air spaces
resonating chambers foe the voice
how many vertebraes are there?
26
ribs(how many, placement)
are 12 pairs of ribs
the first seven are true ribs that are connected to the sternum by cartilage
the next three or false ribs that are connected to cartilage to the 7th rib
next to a floating
what is the bottom of the sternum called?
xiophoid process
causes of fractures
osteoporosis
high force
stress
signs and symptoms of a fracture
pain due to the damage in the periosteum which have pain receptors
pressure from swelling and muscle spasms
bruising
what is edema?
swelling
what is a closed reduction
method of alignment without surgery consists of a splint or cast
open reduction
surgical intervention with devices such as wires metal plates intramedullary rods and or screws to hold the bones in alignment
traction
pulling force for the bones in place
how do fractures heal?
hematoma forms and that forms fiber and protein mesh
Austin Blossom collagen which hardens the bone with calcium and phosphorus
osteoclasts remodel the bone to the original shape
sprain?
ligaments are torn results in pain swelling and bruising
strain?
stretching or tearing a muscle or tendon results in pain swelling and muscle spasms
dislocation
bone displacement from proper position in a joint
herniated disc
disc ruptures or protrudes putting pressure on spinal nerves I normally causes pain numbness and weakness in the affected limb usually in the lumbar sacral region or cervical region
r.i.c.e
rest
ice
compression
elevation
rickets
deficiency of vitamin D vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus and is treated with calcium vitamin D and sunshine
osteoporosis
80% of them are women and happens after menopause it’s loss of bone mass that leaves bones dinner for us and more prone to fractures
