Skeletal, Nervous, Muscular Systems Flashcards
Functions of skeletal system
Structure, protection, blood cell production, stores minerals, assists movement.
Axial skeleton (def and function)
Includes skull, rib cage, and vertebrae. Protection, structure, blood cell production, stores minerals
Appendicular skeleton (def and function)
Arms, shoulders, legs and hips. Blood cell production, stores minerals, movement
3 parts of bone
Compact, spongy, marrow
Compact bone def
Covers outside of all bones, provides strength
Spongy bone def
Fills ends of bones, shock absorber
Bone marrow def
Red marrow- makes blood cells
Yellow marrow- fills long part of bone (fat)
3 connective tissues
Tendon, ligament, cartilage
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone
Ligament
Connects bone to bone
Cartilage
Covers end of bones, cushions and prevents friction
3 kinds fo joints
Fixed, freely moveable, slightly movable
Different joint types
Ball and socket (shoulder), hinge joint (elbow), saddle (connects finger to hand), pivot (ulna and radius), gliding (wrists),
How does tech body react to lack of calcium in blood level
Takes calcium from bones
Functions of muscular system
Movement, stability, generating heat
Three types of muscle
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Skeletal muscle
Attached to bones, moves skeleton, voluntary, striated
Cardiac muscle
In heart, pumps blood, involuntary, striated
Smooth muscle
Lines internal organs, moves food, non-striated, involuntary
Muscles work in _ and _ on bones
Pairs, pull
Filament
Long, skinny proteins (actin and myosin)
Muscle contraction starts with a ___
Signal from nervous system (action potential)
After getting action potential, what’s the next step to muscle contraction
Myosin bonds to actin, makes crossbridge
After cross bridges are made, what’s the next step to muscle contraction
Myosin pulls on actin, actin slides over myosin.
After myosin pulls on actin, what’s the next step to muscle contraction
ATP energy is used to break crossbridge.
Functions of nervous system
Sensory input, processing, motor output
Central nervous system
Brain +spinal chord, processes information
Peripheral nervous system.
Nerves throughout system, sensory input and motor output
Neuron
Specialized cell in nervous system that send electrical signals throughout body
Dendrites
Receive incoming action potential
Cell body
Largest part of cell, normal cell processes
Axon
Action potential traveling site, like a highway
Myelin sheath
Insulates axon, speeds up action potential.
Axon terminals
Sends action potential out of cell
Reflex
Rapid, involuntary response to stimuli
Sensory neuron
Nerve cels responsible for gathering info
Motor neuron
Nerve cells responsible for response to stimulus
Action potential
Electrical signal used by nervous system
How do voltage gated channels work
Voltage channels open when action potential reaches, lets something in.
Synapse
Meeting place of two neurons
Neurotransmitter
Chemical that transférés action potential from 1 neuron to the next
