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Sports Science > Skeletal + Muscular Systems > Flashcards

Skeletal + Muscular Systems Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name the 6 main functions of the skeleton

A

support, shape, movement, production blood cells, protection and mineral storage (super star performers make mince pies)

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2
Q

support

A
  • bones provide attachment points for muscles
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3
Q

shape

A
  • skeleton (posture)
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4
Q

protection

A
  • flat bones provide protection for the vital organs. e.g. scapula, cranium and pelvis.
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5
Q

movement

A
  • muscles, attached to bones by tendons, which enable bones to move at joints.
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6
Q

mineral storage

A
  • bone marrow stores minerals like calcium and iron.
  • This can assist in bone strength.
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7
Q

Production of red blood cells

A
  • bone marrow is the site of red and white cell production.
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8
Q

name the three types of bones

A

short bones, long bones and flat bones

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9
Q

Long bones

A

long bones are required for gross movements

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10
Q

short bones

A

short bones are used for small fine, precise movements.

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11
Q

flat bones

A

Flat bones -

  • protect internal organs
  • large surface area allows for muscle attachment.
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12
Q

Bones in the leg/ foot and knee

A

Femur, Fibula, Tibia, pelvis, patella and Talus

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13
Q

Bones in the body

A

Ribs, sternum, scapula

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14
Q

bones in the arm

A

Humerus, ulna, radius

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15
Q

What is the scientific name for the Head

A

Cranium

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16
Q

scientific name for the spine

A

vertebral column

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17
Q

movements at joints

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, Rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

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18
Q

flexion

A

closing of a joint

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19
Q

extension

A

opening a joint

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20
Q

adduction

A

movement towards the centre line

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21
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the centre line

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22
Q

Rotation

A

clockwise or anticlockwise movement of a limb

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23
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb (hand or foot) in a circular motion

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24
Q

plantar flexion

A

extension at the ankle (pointing toes towards the floor)

25
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle (pointing toes towards your tibia)

26
Q

name the two types of joint in the body

A
  • ball and socket
  • hinge
27
Q

name two examples of a ball and socket joint

A
  • hip
  • shoulder
28
Q

define cartilage

A
  • acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement
  • It is able to acheive this by absorbing shock and preventing friction between bones.
29
Q

Define Tendons

A
  • attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract
30
Q

define ligaments

A
  • prevents dislocation of joints and stabalize the joint
  • They are made of tough and fibrous tissues and connect bone to bone holding the joint together
31
Q

name the parts of the synovial joint

A
  • Bursae
  • joint capsule
  • cartilage
  • synovial membrane
  • ligament
  • synovial membrane
32
Q

Are hinge joints synovial joints

A

yes

33
Q

what type of joints are ball and socket joints

A

synovial joints

34
Q

Define bursae

A
  • fluid filled sacs that sit between the tendons and the bones
  • they prevent the tendons and the bones rubbing together and causing friction during movement.
35
Q

define synovial membrane

A
  • A very thin layer of cells within the joint capsule
  • produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint and prevent frition between the moving parts of the joint.
36
Q

define synovial fluid

A
  • A fluid produced by the synovial membrane and fills the joint cavity
  • lubricates the joint to prevent friction between bones and increase mobility.
37
Q

define joint capsule

A
  • A tough fibrous tissue that surrounds the synovial joint
  • It strengthens the joint and protects the synovial membrane underneath.
38
Q

Name the muscles in the arm

A

Biceps and triceps

39
Q

Name the muscles around the chest and shoulders

A

Pectorals, deltoids and rotator cuffs

40
Q

What is the muscle that helps pull the rib cage down during exercise

A
  • Abdominals
41
Q

Name the main muscle on your back

A

Latissimus dorsi

42
Q

What is the two muscles around the hip

A
  • hip flexors
  • Gluteals
43
Q

Name the two muscles in the upper leg

A
  • quadriceps
  • hamstrings
44
Q

Name the two muscles in the lower leg

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • Tibialis anterior
45
Q

Name the 4 types of muscle contraction

A
  • Isometric contraction
  • isotonic contraction
  • Concentric contraction
  • Eccentric contraction
46
Q

Define what is meant by the term Isometric contraction

A
  • The muscle stays the same length (so nothing moves)

-E.G. like pulling a rope attached to a wall

47
Q

Define what is meant by the term Isotonic contraction

A
  • The muscles are changing length (something is moving)
  • E.g. like if you exercise with free moving weights
48
Q

What is defined by the term concentric contraction

A
  • This occurs when a muscle contracts and shortens
  • this type of movement requires the muscle to pull on a bone to cause movement.
49
Q

Define the term Eccentric contraction

A
  • This occurs when a muscle contracts and lengthens.
  • This enables you to control the speed of a movement.
50
Q

Do antagonistic muscles work against each other

A
  • YES
  • when one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes
51
Q

In an antagonistic pair of muscles what is the name given to the contracting muscle

A
  • Agonist
    Or
  • Prime mover
52
Q

What is the name given to the muscle that is relaxing in an antagonistic pair of muscles

A
  • Antagonist
53
Q

How are muscles attached to bones

A
  • Tendons
54
Q

What is the antagonistic muscles at the knee

A
  • Hamstrings and quadriceps
55
Q

What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the Elbow

A
  • Biceps and triceps
56
Q

What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the hip

A
  • hip flexors and gluteals
57
Q

What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the Ankle

A
  • gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
58
Q

What muscle causes flexion and extension at the shoulder joint

A
  • front part of deltoid (for flexion) and back part of deltoid (for extension)
59
Q

What muscle pair causes adduction and abduction at the shoulder joint

A
  • Latissimus dorsi (for adduction) and middle part of deltoid (for Abduction)

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