Skeletal + Muscular Systems Flashcards
(59 cards)
1
Q
name the 6 main functions of the skeleton
A
support, shape, movement, production blood cells, protection and mineral storage (super star performers make mince pies)
2
Q
support
A
- bones provide attachment points for muscles
3
Q
shape
A
- skeleton (posture)
4
Q
protection
A
- flat bones provide protection for the vital organs. e.g. scapula, cranium and pelvis.
5
Q
movement
A
- muscles, attached to bones by tendons, which enable bones to move at joints.
6
Q
mineral storage
A
- bone marrow stores minerals like calcium and iron.
- This can assist in bone strength.
7
Q
Production of red blood cells
A
- bone marrow is the site of red and white cell production.
8
Q
name the three types of bones
A
short bones, long bones and flat bones
9
Q
Long bones
A
long bones are required for gross movements
10
Q
short bones
A
short bones are used for small fine, precise movements.
11
Q
flat bones
A
Flat bones -
- protect internal organs
- large surface area allows for muscle attachment.
12
Q
Bones in the leg/ foot and knee
A
Femur, Fibula, Tibia, pelvis, patella and Talus
13
Q
Bones in the body
A
Ribs, sternum, scapula
14
Q
bones in the arm
A
Humerus, ulna, radius
15
Q
What is the scientific name for the Head
A
Cranium
16
Q
scientific name for the spine
A
vertebral column
17
Q
movements at joints
A
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, Rotation, circumduction, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
18
Q
flexion
A
closing of a joint
19
Q
extension
A
opening a joint
20
Q
adduction
A
movement towards the centre line
21
Q
abduction
A
movement away from the centre line
22
Q
Rotation
A
clockwise or anticlockwise movement of a limb
23
Q
circumduction
A
movement of a limb (hand or foot) in a circular motion
24
Q
plantar flexion
A
extension at the ankle (pointing toes towards the floor)
25
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at the ankle (pointing toes towards your tibia)
26
name the two types of joint in the body
- ball and socket
- hinge
27
name two examples of a ball and socket joint
- hip
- shoulder
28
define cartilage
- acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement
- It is able to acheive this by absorbing shock and preventing friction between bones.
29
Define Tendons
- attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract
30
define ligaments
- prevents dislocation of joints and stabalize the joint
- They are made of tough and fibrous tissues and connect bone to bone holding the joint together
31
name the parts of the synovial joint
- Bursae
- joint capsule
- cartilage
- synovial membrane
- ligament
- synovial membrane
32
Are hinge joints synovial joints
yes
33
what type of joints are ball and socket joints
synovial joints
34
Define bursae
- fluid filled sacs that sit between the tendons and the bones
- they prevent the tendons and the bones rubbing together and causing friction during movement.
35
define synovial membrane
- A very thin layer of cells within the joint capsule
- produces synovial fluid to lubricate the joint and prevent frition between the moving parts of the joint.
36
define synovial fluid
- A fluid produced by the synovial membrane and fills the joint cavity
- lubricates the joint to prevent friction between bones and increase mobility.
37
define joint capsule
- A tough fibrous tissue that surrounds the synovial joint
- It strengthens the joint and protects the synovial membrane underneath.
38
Name the muscles in the arm
Biceps and triceps
39
Name the muscles around the chest and shoulders
Pectorals, deltoids and rotator cuffs
40
What is the muscle that helps pull the rib cage down during exercise
- Abdominals
41
Name the main muscle on your back
Latissimus dorsi
42
What is the two muscles around the hip
- hip flexors
- Gluteals
43
Name the two muscles in the upper leg
- quadriceps
- hamstrings
44
Name the two muscles in the lower leg
- gastrocnemius
- Tibialis anterior
45
Name the 4 types of muscle contraction
- Isometric contraction
- isotonic contraction
- Concentric contraction
- Eccentric contraction
46
Define what is meant by the term Isometric contraction
- The muscle stays the same length (so nothing moves)
-E.G. like pulling a rope attached to a wall
47
Define what is meant by the term Isotonic contraction
- The muscles are changing length (something is moving)
- E.g. like if you exercise with free moving weights
48
What is defined by the term concentric contraction
- This occurs when a muscle contracts and shortens
- this type of movement requires the muscle to pull on a bone to cause movement.
49
Define the term Eccentric contraction
- This occurs when a muscle contracts and lengthens.
- This enables you to control the speed of a movement.
50
Do antagonistic muscles work against each other
- YES
- when one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes
51
In an antagonistic pair of muscles what is the name given to the contracting muscle
- Agonist
Or
- Prime mover
52
What is the name given to the muscle that is relaxing in an antagonistic pair of muscles
- Antagonist
53
How are muscles attached to bones
- Tendons
54
What is the antagonistic muscles at the knee
- Hamstrings and quadriceps
55
What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the Elbow
- Biceps and triceps
56
What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the hip
- hip flexors and gluteals
57
What is the antagonistic muscle pair at the Ankle
- gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
58
What muscle causes flexion and extension at the shoulder joint
- front part of deltoid (for flexion) and back part of deltoid (for extension)
59
What muscle pair causes adduction and abduction at the shoulder joint
- Latissimus dorsi (for adduction) and middle part of deltoid (for Abduction)
