Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of living organisms.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of body parts and how the performance of one affects the others.

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The basic structure of life; come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes and have a variety of functions; all mammalian cells contain a cell membrane, organelles, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.

Question 4

Organs

Answer 4

Composed of groups of tissues that have a common function and work together.

Question 5

Tissue

Answer 5

Identical or closely related cells grouped together.

Question 6

Active Transport Process

Answer 6

Substances that move across the membrane require energy expenditure, unlike passive transport.

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

Cell reproduction by dividing to yield two identical cells.

Question 8

Bones

Answer 8

Points of attachment for your muscles, levers for muscle action, mineral storage structures, and sites for production of blood cells.

Question 9

Cancellous

Answer 9

Spongy bone that acts as a shock absorber; found near the center of the bone and houses the bone marrow.

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

Highly structured series of bone layers found in the outer portions of the bone; composed of a series of tubelike structures arranged so that the tube shafts are parallel to the bone shaft.

Question 11

Haversian Canal

Answer 11

The space through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves travel through compact bone.

Question 12

Bone Marrow

Answer 12

The reddish-brown tissue found in the middle of a bone; primarily responsible for producing blood cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, from the stem cells.

Question 13

Axial Skeleton

Answer 13

The body’s central framework; includes the bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

Question 14

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 14

Supports the axial skeleton; includes the bones of the legs, shoulders, and pelvis.

Question 15

Ligaments

Answer 15

Bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect bones at joints.

Question 16

Tendons

Answer 16

Bands that attach muscles to bones.

Question 17

Thoracic Limbs

Answer 17

Support the front end of a body during walking.

Question 18

Pelvic Limbs

Answer 18

Support the rear end of the body during walking.

Question 19

Joints

Answer 19

The connection between two bones that help hold bones together and give the skeleton flexibility for movement.

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

The muscle that separates the thorax and abdomen.

Question 21

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 21

The most abundant muscle tissue; also called voluntary muscle because it’s under voluntary control; appears striped under a microscope.

Question 22

Visceral Muscle

Answer 22

Involuntary, smooth muscle found in the internal organs such as the urinary bladder and blood vessels.

Question 23

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 23

Found only in the heart; somewhat striated in appearance but not under voluntary control.

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Chemical substances released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse which, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, cause the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Question 25

Flexor Muscles

Answer 25

Skeletal muscles that flex, or bend, a joint.

Question 26

Extensor Muscles

Answer 26

Skeletal muscles that extend, or straighten, a joint.

Question 27

Prophase

Answer 27

First phase of mitosis, chromosomes begin to condense and the nuclear membrane dissolves.

Question 28

Metaphase

Answer 28

Second phase, chromosomes line up in a row in the middle of the cell.

Question 29

Anaphase

Answer 29

Third phase, chromosomes are pulled apart.

Question 30

Telophase

Answer 30

Final phase, cell begins to pinch in half so that a new membrane eventually forms.

Question 31

Caudal

Answer 31

Closer to the tail.

Question 32

Cranial

Answer 32

Closer to the head.

Question 33

Rostral

Answer 33

Parts of the head closer to the tip of the nose.

Question 34

Dorsal

Answer 34

A structure close to the back or spine.

Question 35

Ventral

Answer 35

Nearer to the side of the animal that’s closest to the ground.

Question 36

Lateral

Answer 36

Movement or placement of the body part toward the side ( left or right ).

Question 37

Medial

Answer 37

Move,ent toward the spine ( or center ) of the body from the left or right side.

Question 38

Osteoblasts

Answer 38

Secrets material that forms bone.

Question 39

Osteocytes

Answer 39

Aged osteoblasts, primary cells of mature bone.

Question 40

Osteoclasts

Answer 40

Destructive cells, dissolving bone around them when needed.

Question 41

Reticulin

Answer 41

A type of collagen that forms a very fine network of fibers in which stem cells are interspersed.

Question 42

Sinusoids

Answer 42

Vascular spaces in the bone marrow.

Question 43

Ligaments

Answer 43

Bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect bones at joints.

Question 44

Tendons

Answer 44

Bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones.

Question 45

Fibrous joints (synarthroses)

Answer 45

Connect the bones of the skull and connect the teeth to the skull. Fibrous joints have very little motion.

Question 46

Synsarcoses

Answer 46

Fleshy joints found between the thorax and scapula of certain animals, such as the horse. These joints provide movement to the animal but have no actual bony connections.

Question 47

Synovial joints (diarthroses)

Answer 47

Most common type of joint found in the body. These joints are found between most of the long bones and vertebrae in the body and have the greatest flexibility.

Question 48

Cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)

Answer 48

Found between vertebrae in some species. These joints share features of both fibrous and synovial joints.