skeletal + muscular system

Question 1

what are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

1. framework for body
2. attachment point for muscles
3. repairs vital organs
4. produces red blood cells in bone marrow
5. stores essential minerals e.g. calcium

Question 2

which bones protect which organs?

Answer 2

skull = brain
ribs = heart, lungs, kidneys
spinal column = spinal cord

Question 3

what are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 3

enables the human body to respond to external environment

Question 4

what role does the CNS play in functioning the muscular system?

Answer 4

the CNS sends messages to the brain, to the muscles to contract

Question 5

how many muscles are in your body?

Answer 5

600 +

Question 6

how do muscles help us to move?

Answer 6

muscle contracts, pulls 1 of 2 bones which is attached, creating movement

Question 7

how do muscles work in pairs?

Answer 7

once a muscle contracts to move a bone, another muscle must contract to return the bone to its original position

Question 8

what are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 8

one muscle is contracting and one is relaxing

Question 9

what are the three types of muscles?

Answer 9

smooth, cardiac and skeletal

Question 10

explain what smooth muscle is and where it is found?

Answer 10

involuntary

blood vessels, stomach, intestines, urinary bladder

Question 11

explain what cardiac muscle is and where it is found?

Answer 11

involuntary and fatigue resistant. it is striated and can contract rapidly
muscle of the heart

Question 12

explain what skeletal muscle is and where it is found?

Answer 12

voluntary and links two bones by a connecting joint. (striated)
attached to bones by tendons

Question 13

what are the 4 characteristics of muscles?

Answer 13

excitability, extensibility, contractibility, elasticity

Question 14

what is excitability?

Answer 14

the ability of a muscle to contract

Question 15

what is extensibility?

Answer 15

the capacity of a muscle to stretch beyond its normal resting length

Question 16

what is contractibility?

Answer 16

the ability of a muscle to contact or shorten

Question 17

what is elasticity?

Answer 17

the ability of a muscle to return to its original resting length after it has been stretched

Question 18

what do ligaments do and what do they look like?

Answer 18

connect bone to bone

elastic, yellow fibres that are not in bundles but packed (no blood supply)

Question 19

what do tendons do and what do they look like?

Answer 19

connect bone to muscle

tough, white fibres packed in bundles (good blood supply)

Question 20

what are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 20

1. fibrous (immovable)
2. cartilaginous (slightly movable)
3. synovial (freely movable)

Question 21

what are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 21

1. gliding (ankle)
2. hinge (knee)
3. pivot (head)
4. saddle (thumb)
5. condyloid (wrist)
6. ball and socket (shoulder)

Question 22

what is reciprocal inhibition?

Answer 22

describes the coordinated relaxing of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint

Question 23

describe the features of a fast twitch muscle fibre?

Answer 23

• white
• rapid contraction
• fatigues quickly
• no oxygen needed
• used for speed, strength, power e.g. sprints

Question 24

describe the features of of a slow twitch muscle fibre?

Answer 24

• red
• slow contraction
• fatigue resistant
• oxygen needed
• used for continuous activity e.g. cycling