Skeletal + Muscular system Flashcards
(14 cards)
Shoulder joint
Bones articulating: Scapula and the humerus
Joint type: Ball and socket
Planes of movement: All three
Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
Hip Joint
Bones articulating: Humerus and pelvis
Joint type: Ball and socket
Planes of movement: All three
Possible moments: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
Knee joint
Bones articulating: Humerus and tibia
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: flexion, extension
Elbow joint
Bones articulating: humerus, radius and ulna
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: flexion, extension
Ankle joint
Bones articulating: Tibia, fibula and talus
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion
Wrist joint
Bones articulating: Radius, ulna and carpals
Joint type: Condyloid joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal, frontal
Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ligament
Fibrous connective tissue which connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement
Synovial fluid
Fluid within joint cavity which lubricates and nourishes the articular cavity
Articular cartilage
Smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones to absorb shock and allow for friction free movement
Joint capsule
A fibrous sac which encloses the synovial fluid
Bursa
A fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones to reduce friction
Aerobic capacity
the ability to inspire, transport and utilise oxygen during prolonged periods of aerobic exercise
VO2 Max
the maximal volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive (maximal) exercise
Factors affecting VO2 Max
1.Age-Decreased elasticity in heart, blood vessels and lung tissues as age increases, therefore VO2 max decreases by 1% every year after the age of 20
2.Gender-Females have a lower lung capacity therefore have a lower VO2 Max
3.Physiological Makeup- Larger lung capacity, stronger cardiac and respiratory muscles, predominance of SO muscle fibres all mean a higher VO2 max
4.Training- Aerobic training leads to increased VO2 max due to adaptations (i.e capillarisation of alveoli or SO muscle fibres, cardiac hypertrophy, etc)
