Skeletal + Muscular system

Question 1

Planes of movment

Answer 1

Sagittal, Frontal and Transverse

Question 2

Shoulder joint

Answer 2

Bones articulating: Scapula and the humerus

Joint type: Ball and socket

Planes of movement: All three

Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Question 3

Hip Joint

Answer 3

Bones articulating: Humerus and pelvis

Joint type: Ball and socket

Planes of movement: All three

Possible moments: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

Question 4

Knee joint

Answer 4

Bones articulating: Humerus and tibia

Joint type: Hinge joint

Planes of movement: Sagittal

Movements possible: flexion, extension

Question 5

Elbow joint

Answer 5

Bones articulating: humerus, radius and ulna

Joint type: Hinge joint

Planes of movement: Sagittal

Movements possible: flexion, extension

Question 6

Ankle joint

Answer 6

Bones articulating: Tibia, fibula and talus

Joint type: Hinge joint

Planes of movement: Sagittal

Movements possible: Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion

Question 7

Wrist joint

Answer 7

Bones articulating: Radius, ulna and carpals

Joint type: Condyloid joint

Planes of movement: Sagittal, frontal

Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Question 8

Planes of movement

Answer 8

Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse

Question 9

Ligament

Answer 9

Fibrous connective tissue which connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

Question 10

Synovial fluid

Answer 10

Fluid within joint cavity which lubricates and nourishes the articular cavity

Question 11

Articular cartilage

Answer 11

Smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones to absorb shock and allow for friction free movement

Question 12

Joint capsule

Answer 12

A fibrous sac which encloses the synovial fluid

Question 13

Bursa

Answer 13

A fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones to reduce friction

Question 14

Agonist

Answer 14

The muscle which contracts and is responsible for creating the movement

Question 15

Antagonist

Answer 15

The muscle which relaxes/lengthens to co-ordinate the movement

Question 16

Fixator

Answer 16

A muscle which stabilises one part of the body whilst another moves

Question 17

Isometric contraction

Answer 17

When the muscle contracts without changing in length (e.g rugby scrum)

Question 18

Eccentric contraction

Answer 18

When the muscle lengthens to produce tension (Landing after jump)

Question 19

Concentric contraction

Answer 19

When the muscle shortens to produce tension (Volleyball player jumping for a spike)

Question 20

Isotonic contraction

Answer 20

A contraction where the muscle changes length (includes concentric and eccentric)

Question 21

Motor unit

Answer 21

A motor neurone and its muscle fibres

Question 22

Action potential

Answer 22

The electrical impulse carried down the axon

Question 23

MAN SAYS ALL

Answer 23

Motor unit- motor neurone + muscle fibres
Action potential- electrical impulse which travels down the axons
Neuromuscular junction- action potential stops
Synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine (ACh)- Neurotransmitter which gets secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap
Y-Why?
S-So the nerve impulse can travel into the muscle fibres
All or none law

Question 24

All or none law

Answer 24

If the stimulus from the nerve impulse is greater than a certain threshold, all the muscle fibres will contract. If the stimulus from the nerve impulse is not greater than a the threshold, no contraction will occur.

Question 25

Muscle fibre types

Answer 25

-Slow oxidative (type 1)
-Fast twitch oxidative (type 2a)
-Fast twitch glycolytic (type 2b)

Question 26

Slow twitch oxidative (type 1) muscle fibre

Answer 26

-Low force and speed of contraction
-High fatigue resistance
-High aerobic capacity
-Low anaerobic capacity
-Red in colour due to blood supply

Muscle fibres involved in sub maximal aerobic exercise. They contract with a low force and speed, however, recover very quickly.

Question 27

Fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a) muscle fibre

Answer 27

-High force and speed of contraction
-Quick to fatigue
-Pink in colour due to some blood supply

Muscle fibres used during high-intensity activities which requires endurance (i.e 800m). They have a high force and speed of contraction and fatigue quickly.

Question 28

Fast glycolytic (type 2b) muscle fibre

Answer 28

-Very high force and speed of contraction
-Very quick to fatigue
-Causes DOMS
-White in colour due to low blood supply

Muscle fibres used during maximal efforts to produce the largest force in a short period of time. Fatigues quickly and causes DOMS.