Skeletal + Muscular system Flashcards
Planes of movment
Sagittal, Frontal and Transverse
Shoulder joint
Bones articulating: Scapula and the humerus
Joint type: Ball and socket
Planes of movement: All three
Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
Hip Joint
Bones articulating: Humerus and pelvis
Joint type: Ball and socket
Planes of movement: All three
Possible moments: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, horizontal flexion, horizontal extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation
Knee joint
Bones articulating: Humerus and tibia
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: flexion, extension
Elbow joint
Bones articulating: humerus, radius and ulna
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: flexion, extension
Ankle joint
Bones articulating: Tibia, fibula and talus
Joint type: Hinge joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal
Movements possible: Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion
Wrist joint
Bones articulating: Radius, ulna and carpals
Joint type: Condyloid joint
Planes of movement: Sagittal, frontal
Movements possible: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Planes of movement
Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse
Ligament
Fibrous connective tissue which connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement
Synovial fluid
Fluid within joint cavity which lubricates and nourishes the articular cavity
Articular cartilage
Smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones to absorb shock and allow for friction free movement
Joint capsule
A fibrous sac which encloses the synovial fluid
Bursa
A fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones to reduce friction
Agonist
The muscle which contracts and is responsible for creating the movement
Antagonist
The muscle which relaxes/lengthens to co-ordinate the movement
Fixator
A muscle which stabilises one part of the body whilst another moves
Isometric contraction
When the muscle contracts without changing in length (e.g rugby scrum)
Eccentric contraction
When the muscle lengthens to produce tension (Landing after jump)
Concentric contraction
When the muscle shortens to produce tension (Volleyball player jumping for a spike)
Isotonic contraction
A contraction where the muscle changes length (includes concentric and eccentric)
Motor unit
A motor neurone and its muscle fibres
Action potential
The electrical impulse carried down the axon
MAN SAYS ALL
Motor unit- motor neurone + muscle fibres
Action potential- electrical impulse which travels down the axons
Neuromuscular junction- action potential stops
Synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine (ACh)- Neurotransmitter which gets secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap
Y-Why?
S-So the nerve impulse can travel into the muscle fibres
All or none law
All or none law
If the stimulus from the nerve impulse is greater than a certain threshold, all the muscle fibres will contract. If the stimulus from the nerve impulse is not greater than a the threshold, no contraction will occur.
