Skeletal Muscles Flashcards by Lachlan Facey

Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot)

Most superficial layer of the foot

O - Medial & lateral process of Calcaneal tuberosity - Plantar Aponeurosis

I - Lateral base of Phalanx 1 Digit 5

A - Abduction

NS - Lateral Plantar Nerve (L4-5)

BS - Lateral Plantar

T - Abduction against resistance

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Abudctor Digiti Minimi (Hand)

Hypothenar Eminence

O - Pisiform - Tendon of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

I - Ulnar Side Phalanx 1 Digit 5

A - Abduction

NS -Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)

BS - Ulnar

T - Abduction Against Resistance

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Abductor Hallicus

Most superficial layer of the sole of the foot

O - Medial process of Calcaneal Tuberosity - Plantar Aponeurosis / Flexor Retinaculum

I - Medial Base of Phalanx 1 Digit 1

A - Abduction

NS - Medial Plantar Nerve (L4-5)

BS - Medial Plantar

T - Abduction Against Resistance

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Abductor Pollicus Brevis

Part of the Thenar Eminence

O - Ridge of Trapezium - Flexor Retinaculum - Scaphoid

I - Lateral Phalanx 1 Digit 1

A - Abduction / Anterior movement of the thumb

NS -Median Nerve (C7-T1)

BS - Radial

T - Abduction Against resistance metacarpi-phalangeal

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Abductor Pollicus Longus

O - Posterior Radius - Posterior Ulna - Interosseus Membrane

I - Lateral base of Metacarpal 1

A - Abduction of hand and thumb

NS - Radial Nerve (C6-7)

BS - Radial / Ulnar

T - Abduction against resistance at metacarpi-phalangeal

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Adductor Brevis

Part of the Medial Compartment of the thigh

O - Inferior pubic ramie of the hip

I - Upper medial lip of linea aspera (femur)

A - Adduction / hip flexion

NS - Obturator Nerve (L2-4)

BS - Obturator

T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient

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Adductor Hallicus

Part of the third layer of the sole of the foot

O - Oblique head - base of metatarsals 2-4 - Transverse head - sheath/tendon of peroneus longus - Plantar metacarpophalangeals of digits 3-5

I - Lateral base of phalanx 1 digit 1

A - Adduction

NS - Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) (L4-5)

BS - 1st Plantar metatarsal

T - Separate big toe against resistance

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Adductor Longus

Part of the medial compartment of the thigh

O - Pubic symphysis of the hip

I - Middle medial lip if line aspera (Femur)

A - Adduction / hip flexion

NS -Obturator Nerve (L2-4)

BS - Obturator

T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient

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Adductor Magnus

Part of the medial compartment of the thigh

O - Pubic symphysis, ischeal rams of hip

I - linea aspera, adductor tubercle (femur)

A - Adduction / hip flexion & extension

NS - Obturator Nerve + Sciatic Nerve (L2-4)

BS - Obturator, medial circumflex, femoral

T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient

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Adductor Pollicus

O - Transverse head of 3rd metacarpal - Capitate (oblique head) - Trapezium - Trapezoid

I - Lateral base of phalanx 1 digit 1

A - Adduction of thumb

NS - Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8-T1)

BS - Deep palmar branch

T - Close hand against resistance to the thumb

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Anconeus

O - Posterior Lateral Condyle - Capitulum (Humerus)

I - Posterior olecranon process (Ulna)

A - Elbow extension

NS - Radial Nerve (C7-8)

BS - Brachial (deep branch)

T - Extend elbow against resistance

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Auricularis

Anterior, Superior & Posterior Extrinsic Muscles of the Ear (30% of people)

O - ANT: Epicranial aponeurosis POST: Mastoid Process of Temporalis SUP: Epicranial Aponeurosis

I - ANT: Root of Auricle POST: Root of Auricle SUP: Root of Auricle

A - Moves ear pinna

NS - Facial Nerve (CN VII)

BS - Facial / Temporal

T - Present if there is movement of the ear

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Biceps Brachii

O - Long Head: Superior lip of Glenoid fossa (Scapula) - Short Head: Coracoid process (Scapula)

I - Tuberosity (Radius)

A - Flexion (Should & Elbow) - Supination (Hand & Forearm)

NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)

BS - Brachial (Deep Branch)

T - Flexion of elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90degrees

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Biceps Femoris

O - Ischeal Tuberosity (Hip) - Linea Aspera (Femur)

I - Head of Fibula

A - Extension (Hip) - Flexion (Knee) - Rotation (Flexed Knee)

NS - Sciatic N (L5-S2)

BS - Deep Femoral - Popliteal

T - Extend hip against resistance - Flex knee again resistance in the prone patient

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Brachialis

O - Lower half of the Humerus

I - Coronoid process (Ulna)

A - Flexion (elbow)

NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)

BS - Brachial (Deep Branch) - Radial Recurrent

T - Flexion of elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90 degrees

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Brachioradialis

O - Lateral supracondylar ridge (Humerus)

I - Styloid Process (Radius)

A - Flexion (Elbow) - Pronation (Forearm)

NS - Radial Nerve (C5-6)

BS - Radial Recurrent

T - Flew elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90 degrees

Buccinator

Part of the muscles of mastication

O - Lateral: Outer surface of alveolar process of Maxilla - Lateral surface of Mandible

I - Deep part of muscles of the lips - Deep fascia of the lips

A - Compresses cheeks - Draws down the angle of the mouth

NS - Facial N (CN VII)

BS - Facial

T - Ask patient to blow as if playing the saxophone

Coracobrachialis

O - Corocoid Process (Scapula)

I - Midshaft of the humerus

A - Adduction (Arm & Shoulder)

NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C6-7)

BS - Brachial

T - Moving extended arm supported on a table to the midline against resistance

Corrugator Supercilii

Part of the muscles of facial expression

O - Glabella (Frontalis) - Medial Suprorbital Margin (Frontalis)

I - Deep fascia of the skin in the midpoint of the orbital arch

A - Pulls brows down and medially frowning

NS - Facial Nerve, supraorbital supratrochlear branches (CNVII)

BS - Facial Opthalmic Artery

T - Ability to wrinkle brow

Cremaster

Part of the muscles of the Perineum

O - Ingiunal Ligament

I - Pubic Tubercle (Hip)

A - Pulls testis to the body / regulates temperature of the testis

NS - Genitofemoral, genital branch (L1-2)

BS - Gentiofemoral, genital branch

T - Testis jumps up when the thigh is stroked - Labia majora twitches

Deltoid

O - Lateral third of anterior surface of Clavicle - Acromion process (Scapula) - Posterior spine (Scapula)

I - Deltoid Tuberosity (Humerus)

A -

Anterior: shoulder flexion, adduction, medial rotation, abduction >90o, horizontal swing to midline

Middle: Shoulder abduction >90o

Posterior: Shoulder extension, adduction, lateral rotation, abduction >90o, horizontal swing to midline

NS - Axillary (C5-6)

BS - Thoracoacromial

T - Moving shoulder in most directions against resistance. The supine patient will eliminate the influence of gravity

Depressor Anguli Oris

Muscle of Facial Expression

O - Oblique lines (mandible)

I - Depp fascia - at the corner of the lips

A - Turns the corners of the lips down as in frowning

NS - Facial nerve, mandibular branch (CN VII)

BS - Facial - Maxillay branch + inferior labial branch

T - Ability to turn down the corners of the mouth as in frowning

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Muscle of facial expression

O - Anterior medial surfaces of the mandible

I - Deep fascia medial to the corners of the lips

A - Pulls lips down and back (with platysma)

NS - Facial nerve, superior buccal and mandibular branches (CN VIII)

BS - Facial - labial branches

T - Ability to draw back lips and tighten neck (platysma)

Depressor Septi

Muscle of facial expression

O - Anterior, medial surfaces of maxilla

I - Depp fascia at the base of the nose

A - Pulls nostrils inwards and lips up

NS - Facial nerve, maxillary branch (CN VIII)

BS - Facial (maxillary, superior buccal branches)

T - Ask patient to wrinkle nose

Diaphragm

O - Xiphoid process (sternum), ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae 1 & 2 I - Central tendon A - Forces inspiration, pulls down central tendon and expands volume NS - Phrenic (C3-5), accessory phrenic, cervical plexus BS - Superior, inferior phrenic, mamilly and long thoracic T - Ask patient to force inspiration and note abdomen increase

Digastricus

Muscle of the Hyoid Anterior neck 2 muscle bellies passing through a fibrous loop O - Anterior: inner side (lingular) of jaw (mandible) Posterior: mastoid notch (temporal bone) I - Slides through the hyoid tendon/ligament A - Elevates, retracts and protracts the hyoid. Depresses the mandible NS - Anterior: trigeminal nerve (CN V) Posterior: Facial nerve (CN VII) BS - Facial mandibular branch, superior cervical T - Open jaw against resistance. Note involvement of hyoid on swallowing

Dorsal Interossei (Foot)

O - 2 heads to adjacent MTs 2-5 I - Base phalanx of digits 2-5 A - Abduction NS - Lateral plantar (superficial peroneal) (L4-S2) BS - Lateral plantar

Dorsal Interossei (Hand)

O - 2 heads to adjacent MCs 2-5 I - Base phalanx 1, Digits 2-5 A - Abduction of fingers. Flexion of proximal PIPs NS - Ulnar (C8-T1) BS - Deep palmar arch T - Opens fingers against resistance

Epicranius

**_Frontalis + Occipitalis_** **Frontalis** O - Skull aponeurosis I - Superficial fascia superior to brow A - Raises eyebrows/wrinkles forehead NS - Facial nerve, temporal branches (CN VII) BS - Supraorbital supratrochlear branches of opthalmic artery **Occipitalis** O - Occipital bone - mastoid process (temporalis) I - Skull aponeurosis A - Draws scalp back NS - Facial nerve - postauricular branch BS - Facial

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

O - Lateral epicondyle (humerus) I - Dorsal base of 3rd MC A - Extension of the wrist. Radial deviation of the hand NS - Radial nerve (C6-8) BS - Radial, radial recurrent T - Lift hand from table against resistance. Move flat hand towards thumb against resistance

Extensor Carpir Radialis Longus

O - Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus I - Dorsal base of the 2nd metacarpal A - Extension of the wrist N - Radial (C6-8) BS - Radial. Radial recurrent. Posterior interosseous T - Lift hand from rable against resistance

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I - Medial base of the 5th metacarpal A - Extension of the wrist. Lateral deviation of the hand NS - Radial (C6-8) BS - Ulnar T - Lift hand from table against resistance

Extensor Digiti Minimi

O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I - Dorsal side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit. A - Extension of the forearm, hand and 5th digit. Abduction of the 5th digit NS - Radial. Deep radial nerve (posterior interorsseus nerve) (C7-8) BS - Ulnar T - Abduct little finger against resistance

Extensor Digitorum

O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to the dorsal base of proximal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 A - Extension of the forearm, hand and digits 2-5 NS - Radial. Deep radial nerve (posterior interosseus nerve) (C7-8) BS - Ulnar T - Extend hand from fist against resistance

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

O - Superio-lateral surface of calcaneus. Inferior retinaculum I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to dorsal base of the proximal phalnx of digits 2-4 A - Extension of digits 2-4 NS - Deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1) BS - Dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal T - Lift toes with foot on floor from upright patient

Extensor Digitorum Longus

O - Anterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseus membrane I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to dorsal base of phalanges and digits 2-5 A - Dorsal surface; middle and distalphalanges of lateral four digits NS - Deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial nerve (L4-S1) BS - Anterior tibial T - Lift foot and toes with heel on floor form upright patient. Walk/stand on heels.

Extensor Hallicus Brevis