Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot)
Most superficial layer of the foot
O - Medial & lateral process of Calcaneal tuberosity - Plantar Aponeurosis
I - Lateral base of Phalanx 1 Digit 5
A - Abduction
NS - Lateral Plantar Nerve (L4-5)
BS - Lateral Plantar
T - Abduction against resistance
Abudctor Digiti Minimi (Hand)
Hypothenar Eminence
O - Pisiform - Tendon of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
I - Ulnar Side Phalanx 1 Digit 5
A - Abduction
NS -Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
BS - Ulnar
T - Abduction Against Resistance
Abductor Hallicus
Most superficial layer of the sole of the foot
O - Medial process of Calcaneal Tuberosity - Plantar Aponeurosis / Flexor Retinaculum
I - Medial Base of Phalanx 1 Digit 1
A - Abduction
NS - Medial Plantar Nerve (L4-5)
BS - Medial Plantar
T - Abduction Against Resistance
Abductor Pollicus Brevis
Part of the Thenar Eminence
O - Ridge of Trapezium - Flexor Retinaculum - Scaphoid
I - Lateral Phalanx 1 Digit 1
A - Abduction / Anterior movement of the thumb
NS -Median Nerve (C7-T1)
BS - Radial
T - Abduction Against resistance metacarpi-phalangeal
Abductor Pollicus Longus
O - Posterior Radius - Posterior Ulna - Interosseus Membrane
I - Lateral base of Metacarpal 1
A - Abduction of hand and thumb
NS - Radial Nerve (C6-7)
BS - Radial / Ulnar
T - Abduction against resistance at metacarpi-phalangeal
Adductor Brevis
Part of the Medial Compartment of the thigh
O - Inferior pubic ramie of the hip
I - Upper medial lip of linea aspera (femur)
A - Adduction / hip flexion
NS - Obturator Nerve (L2-4)
BS - Obturator
T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient
Adductor Hallicus
Part of the third layer of the sole of the foot
O - Oblique head - base of metatarsals 2-4 - Transverse head - sheath/tendon of peroneus longus - Plantar metacarpophalangeals of digits 3-5
I - Lateral base of phalanx 1 digit 1
A - Adduction
NS - Lateral plantar nerve (deep branch) (L4-5)
BS - 1st Plantar metatarsal
T - Separate big toe against resistance
Adductor Longus
Part of the medial compartment of the thigh
O - Pubic symphysis of the hip
I - Middle medial lip if line aspera (Femur)
A - Adduction / hip flexion
NS -Obturator Nerve (L2-4)
BS - Obturator
T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient
Adductor Magnus
Part of the medial compartment of the thigh
O - Pubic symphysis, ischeal rams of hip
I - linea aspera, adductor tubercle (femur)
A - Adduction / hip flexion & extension
NS - Obturator Nerve + Sciatic Nerve (L2-4)
BS - Obturator, medial circumflex, femoral
T - Adduct legs against resistance in the supine patient
Adductor Pollicus
O - Transverse head of 3rd metacarpal - Capitate (oblique head) - Trapezium - Trapezoid
I - Lateral base of phalanx 1 digit 1
A - Adduction of thumb
NS - Ulnar nerve (deep branch) (C8-T1)
BS - Deep palmar branch
T - Close hand against resistance to the thumb
Anconeus
O - Posterior Lateral Condyle - Capitulum (Humerus)
I - Posterior olecranon process (Ulna)
A - Elbow extension
NS - Radial Nerve (C7-8)
BS - Brachial (deep branch)
T - Extend elbow against resistance
Auricularis
Anterior, Superior & Posterior Extrinsic Muscles of the Ear (30% of people)
O - ANT: Epicranial aponeurosis POST: Mastoid Process of Temporalis SUP: Epicranial Aponeurosis
I - ANT: Root of Auricle POST: Root of Auricle SUP: Root of Auricle
A - Moves ear pinna
NS - Facial Nerve (CN VII)
BS - Facial / Temporal
T - Present if there is movement of the ear
Biceps Brachii
O - Long Head: Superior lip of Glenoid fossa (Scapula) - Short Head: Coracoid process (Scapula)
I - Tuberosity (Radius)
A - Flexion (Should & Elbow) - Supination (Hand & Forearm)
NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)
BS - Brachial (Deep Branch)
T - Flexion of elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90degrees
Biceps Femoris
O - Ischeal Tuberosity (Hip) - Linea Aspera (Femur)
I - Head of Fibula
A - Extension (Hip) - Flexion (Knee) - Rotation (Flexed Knee)
NS - Sciatic N (L5-S2)
BS - Deep Femoral - Popliteal
T - Extend hip against resistance - Flex knee again resistance in the prone patient
Brachialis
O - Lower half of the Humerus
I - Coronoid process (Ulna)
A - Flexion (elbow)
NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5-6)
BS - Brachial (Deep Branch) - Radial Recurrent
T - Flexion of elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90 degrees
Brachioradialis
O - Lateral supracondylar ridge (Humerus)
I - Styloid Process (Radius)
A - Flexion (Elbow) - Pronation (Forearm)
NS - Radial Nerve (C5-6)
BS - Radial Recurrent
T - Flew elbow against resistance with elbow placed on table at 90 degrees
Buccinator
Part of the muscles of mastication
O - Lateral: Outer surface of alveolar process of Maxilla - Lateral surface of Mandible
I - Deep part of muscles of the lips - Deep fascia of the lips
A - Compresses cheeks - Draws down the angle of the mouth
NS - Facial N (CN VII)
BS - Facial
T - Ask patient to blow as if playing the saxophone
Coracobrachialis
O - Corocoid Process (Scapula)
I - Midshaft of the humerus
A - Adduction (Arm & Shoulder)
NS - Musculocutaneous Nerve (C6-7)
BS - Brachial
T - Moving extended arm supported on a table to the midline against resistance
Corrugator Supercilii
Part of the muscles of facial expression
O - Glabella (Frontalis) - Medial Suprorbital Margin (Frontalis)
I - Deep fascia of the skin in the midpoint of the orbital arch
A - Pulls brows down and medially frowning
NS - Facial Nerve, supraorbital supratrochlear branches (CNVII)
BS - Facial Opthalmic Artery
T - Ability to wrinkle brow
Cremaster
Part of the muscles of the Perineum
O - Ingiunal Ligament
I - Pubic Tubercle (Hip)
A - Pulls testis to the body / regulates temperature of the testis
NS - Genitofemoral, genital branch (L1-2)
BS - Gentiofemoral, genital branch
T - Testis jumps up when the thigh is stroked - Labia majora twitches
Deltoid
O - Lateral third of anterior surface of Clavicle - Acromion process (Scapula) - Posterior spine (Scapula)
I - Deltoid Tuberosity (Humerus)
A -
Anterior: shoulder flexion, adduction, medial rotation, abduction >90o, horizontal swing to midline
Middle: Shoulder abduction >90o
Posterior: Shoulder extension, adduction, lateral rotation, abduction >90o, horizontal swing to midline
NS - Axillary (C5-6)
BS - Thoracoacromial
T - Moving shoulder in most directions against resistance. The supine patient will eliminate the influence of gravity
Depressor Anguli Oris
Muscle of Facial Expression
O - Oblique lines (mandible)
I - Depp fascia - at the corner of the lips
A - Turns the corners of the lips down as in frowning
NS - Facial nerve, mandibular branch (CN VII)
BS - Facial - Maxillay branch + inferior labial branch
T - Ability to turn down the corners of the mouth as in frowning
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Muscle of facial expression
O - Anterior medial surfaces of the mandible
I - Deep fascia medial to the corners of the lips
A - Pulls lips down and back (with platysma)
NS - Facial nerve, superior buccal and mandibular branches (CN VIII)
BS - Facial - labial branches
T - Ability to draw back lips and tighten neck (platysma)
Depressor Septi
Muscle of facial expression
O - Anterior, medial surfaces of maxilla
I - Depp fascia at the base of the nose
A - Pulls nostrils inwards and lips up
NS - Facial nerve, maxillary branch (CN VIII)
BS - Facial (maxillary, superior buccal branches)
T - Ask patient to wrinkle nose
Diaphragm
O - Xiphoid process (sternum), ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae 1 & 2
I - Central tendon
A - Forces inspiration, pulls down central tendon and expands volume
NS - Phrenic (C3-5), accessory phrenic, cervical plexus
BS - Superior, inferior phrenic, mamilly and long thoracic
T - Ask patient to force inspiration and note abdomen increase
Digastricus
Muscle of the Hyoid
Anterior neck 2 muscle bellies passing through a fibrous loop
O -
Anterior: inner side (lingular) of jaw (mandible)
Posterior: mastoid notch (temporal bone)
I - Slides through the hyoid tendon/ligament
A - Elevates, retracts and protracts the hyoid. Depresses the mandible
NS -
Anterior: trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Posterior: Facial nerve (CN VII)
BS - Facial mandibular branch, superior cervical
T - Open jaw against resistance. Note involvement of hyoid on swallowing
Dorsal Interossei (Foot)
O - 2 heads to adjacent MTs 2-5
I - Base phalanx of digits 2-5
A - Abduction
NS - Lateral plantar (superficial peroneal) (L4-S2)
BS - Lateral plantar
Dorsal Interossei (Hand)
O - 2 heads to adjacent MCs 2-5
I - Base phalanx 1, Digits 2-5
A - Abduction of fingers. Flexion of proximal PIPs
NS - Ulnar (C8-T1)
BS - Deep palmar arch
T - Opens fingers against resistance
Epicranius
Frontalis + Occipitalis
Frontalis
O - Skull aponeurosis
I - Superficial fascia superior to brow
A - Raises eyebrows/wrinkles forehead
NS - Facial nerve, temporal branches (CN VII)
BS - Supraorbital supratrochlear branches of opthalmic artery
Occipitalis
O - Occipital bone - mastoid process (temporalis)
I - Skull aponeurosis
A - Draws scalp back
NS - Facial nerve - postauricular branch
BS - Facial
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
O - Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I - Dorsal base of 3rd MC
A - Extension of the wrist. Radial deviation of the hand
NS - Radial nerve (C6-8)
BS - Radial, radial recurrent
T - Lift hand from table against resistance. Move flat hand towards thumb against resistance
Extensor Carpir Radialis Longus
O - Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I - Dorsal base of the 2nd metacarpal
A - Extension of the wrist
N - Radial (C6-8)
BS - Radial. Radial recurrent. Posterior interosseous
T - Lift hand from rable against resistance
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - Medial base of the 5th metacarpal
A - Extension of the wrist. Lateral deviation of the hand
NS - Radial (C6-8)
BS - Ulnar
T - Lift hand from table against resistance
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - Dorsal side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.
A - Extension of the forearm, hand and 5th digit. Abduction of the 5th digit
NS - Radial. Deep radial nerve (posterior interorsseus nerve) (C7-8)
BS - Ulnar
T - Abduct little finger against resistance
Extensor Digitorum
O - Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to the dorsal base of proximal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A - Extension of the forearm, hand and digits 2-5
NS - Radial. Deep radial nerve (posterior interosseus nerve) (C7-8)
BS - Ulnar
T - Extend hand from fist against resistance
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
O - Superio-lateral surface of calcaneus. Inferior retinaculum
I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to dorsal base of the proximal phalnx of digits 2-4
A - Extension of digits 2-4
NS - Deep peroneal nerve (L5-S1)
BS - Dorsalis pedis, lateral tarsal
T - Lift toes with foot on floor from upright patient
Extensor Digitorum Longus
O - Anterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseus membrane
I - 4 tendons arise and are attached to dorsal base of phalanges and digits 2-5
A - Dorsal surface; middle and distalphalanges of lateral four digits
NS - Deep peroneal nerve, anterior tibial nerve (L4-S1)
BS - Anterior tibial
T - Lift foot and toes with heel on floor form upright patient. Walk/stand on heels.
Extensor Hallicus Brevis
