skeletal muscle relaxants

Question 1

what are the two classes of skeletal muscle relaxants

Answer 1

neuromuscular blocking agents

skeletal muscle spasmolytic agents

Question 2

neuromuscular blocking drugs

Answer 2

used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artificial ventilation

Question 3

spasmolytic

Answer 3

a drug that reduces abnormally elevated muscle tone (spasticity) without paralysis

Question 4

spasms

Answer 4

sudden, violent, painful involuntary contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

involves motorn neurons

Question 5

action potentials in motor neurons

Answer 5

conducted directly to nerve terminals in muscle fibers that form synapses called NMJ

Question 6

spasmolytics are generally called

Answer 6

central muscle relaxants

Question 7

which spasmolytic is not central acting

Answer 7

dantrolene (peripherally acting)

Question 8

major uses of skeletal muscle relaxants

Answer 8

muscle strains

back pain

Question 9

what are the centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants for spasticity

Answer 9

baclofen (lioresal)
botulinum toxin type A (botox)
diazepam (valium)
tizanidine (zanaflex)

Question 10

what is the peripherally-acting drug for sapsticity

Answer 10

dantrolene (dantrium)

Question 11

spinal cord motor control

Answer 11

use of internucial neuron in order to influence efferent effect
ie uses of GABA on presynaptic in order to prevent release of NT

can be autoreceptors, pre-synaptic axon axon etc

Question 12

baclofen

Answer 12

acts within spinal cord to suppress hyperactive reflexes involved in regulation of muscle movement

analog of GABA

Question 13

diazepam (also an anti anxiety) is a member of what drug family?

Answer 13

benzodiazepine

Question 14

diazepam (also an anti anxiety) is only benzodiazepine for what?

Answer 14

treatment of spasticity

Question 15

diazepam (also an anti anxiety) acts where?

Answer 15

in spinal cord by facilitating GABA-mediated inhibition on motoneurons in the spinal cord

Question 16

diazepam (also an anti anxiety) used for who?

Answer 16

patients with muscle spasm of almost any origin, including local muscle trauma

Question 17

dantrolene acts where?

Answer 17

directly on skeletal muscle to relieve spasticity

Question 18

primary action of dantrolene

Answer 18

suppression of Ca2+ release from SR by binding to RyR receptor

decrease in ability of skeletal muscle to contract

Question 19

dantrolene has minimal effects on?

Answer 19

smooth and cardiac muscle, therapeutic advantage

Question 20

dantrolene’s therapeutic uses?

Answer 20

spasticity

malignant hyperthermia

Question 21

dantrolene can relieve spasticity associated with?

Answer 21

MS
cerebral palsy
spinal cord injury

Question 22

dantrolene treatment assciated with

Answer 22

significant decrease in muscle strength and tone

Question 23

drugs used for acute local msucle spasm

Answer 23

promoted for relief of acute temporary muscle spasm due to trauma or strain

act as sedative of at level of spinal cord or brainstem

Question 24

tizanidine is what kind of agonist and used for who?

Answer 24

a2 adrenergic agonist

used in patients with brain of spinal injuries

Question 25

tizanidine acts where?

Answer 25

pre-synaptically in spinal cord, similar to baclofen

Question 26

tizanidine effects

Answer 26

less anti-hypertensive than clonidine

produces hypotension, drowsiness and dry mouth