Skeletal (Gross Anatomy)

Question 1

osteocyte

Answer 1

mature bone cell that monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

Question 2

osteoclast

Answer 2

bone-resorbing cell

Question 3

skeletal cartilage purpose

Answer 3

• reduce friction b/w bones
• absorbs shocks

Question 4

what has no blood vessels or nerves

Answer 4

skeletal cartilage

Question 5

hyaline cartilage

Answer 5

• most abundant
• COLLAGEN fibers only

Question 6

hyaline cartilage location

Answer 6

respiratory (connects ribs and sternum), nasal cartilage

Question 7

elastic cartilage

Answer 7

elastic and collagen fibers

Question 8

elastic cartilage location

Answer 8

epiglottis, external ears

Question 9

axial skeleton

Answer 9

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 10

appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

appendages and hip bones

Question 11

fibrocartilage

Answer 11

• thick fibers
• great tensile strength

Question 12

fibrocartilage location

Answer 12

vertebral discs, knee menisci

Question 13

long bone example

Answer 13

limbs, wrist, ankle bones

Question 14

short bone example

Answer 14

sesamoid bones

Question 15

sesamoid bones

Answer 15

small bones embedded in muscle or tendon

Question 16

flat bone example

Answer 16

sternum, scapulae, most skull bones

Question 17

irregular bone example

Answer 17

vertebrae, coxal (pelvic) bones

Question 18

functions

Answer 18

support, protection, movement, stores minerals and growth factors and fat, makes hormones

Question 19

hematopoiesis

Answer 19

blood cell formation in certain red marrow bone cavities

Question 20

what hormone do bones produce

Answer 20

osteocalcin
- regulates bone formation
- protects against obesity, diabetes mellitus, and glucose intolerance

Question 21

what tissue does the skeletal system mainly contain

Answer 21

osseous tissue

Question 22

are bones organs?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

compact bone

Answer 23

dense outer layer; smooth and solid

Question 24

spongy bone/trabeculae

Answer 24

honeycomb of internal flat pieces

Question 25

short, irregular, and flat bone structure

Answer 25

• thin plates of spongy covered by compact
• plates sandwiched between C.T. membranes
• no shaft or epiphyses
• yes marrow, no marrow cavities

Question 26

periosteum

Answer 26

• double layered membrane
• dense irregular fibrous C.T.
• anchoring place for tendons/ligaments
• provides blood and nerves to bone

Question 27

endosteum

Answer 27

inner layers of C.T. membranes

Question 28

epiphyses

Answer 28

• ends of bones
• inside spongy outside compact

Question 29

diaphysis

Answer 29

long shaft, compact bone surrounds medullary cavity

Question 30

epiphyseal line

Answer 30

• separates diaphysis and epiphyses
• remnant of childhood growth hormone

Question 31

articular cartilage

Answer 31

lines bony tissue of joints

Question 32

sharpey’s fibers

Answer 32

secures the periosteum to inner bone matrix

Question 33

red marrow location

Answer 33

cavities of spongy bone

Question 34

trabecular cavities

Answer 34

highly porous inner bone areas

Question 35

what can yellow marrow convert to if needed?

Answer 35

red marrow

Question 36

medullary cavity

Answer 36

inside bone structures where only spongy bone is