Skeletal (Gross Anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell that monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

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2
Q

osteoclast

A

bone-resorbing cell

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3
Q

skeletal cartilage purpose

A
  • reduce friction b/w bones
  • absorbs shocks
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4
Q

what has no blood vessels or nerves

A

skeletal cartilage

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5
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • most abundant
  • COLLAGEN fibers only
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6
Q

hyaline cartilage location

A

respiratory (connects ribs and sternum), nasal cartilage

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7
Q

elastic cartilage

A

elastic and collagen fibers

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8
Q

elastic cartilage location

A

epiglottis, external ears

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9
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

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10
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

appendages and hip bones

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11
Q

fibrocartilage

A
  • thick fibers
  • great tensile strength
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12
Q

fibrocartilage location

A

vertebral discs, knee menisci

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13
Q

long bone example

A

limbs, wrist, ankle bones

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14
Q

short bone example

A

sesamoid bones

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15
Q

sesamoid bones

A

small bones embedded in muscle or tendon

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16
Q

flat bone example

A

sternum, scapulae, most skull bones

17
Q

irregular bone example

A

vertebrae, coxal (pelvic) bones

18
Q

functions

A

support, protection, movement, stores minerals and growth factors and fat, makes hormones

19
Q

hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation in certain red marrow bone cavities

20
Q

what hormone do bones produce

A

osteocalcin
- regulates bone formation
- protects against obesity, diabetes mellitus, and glucose intolerance

21
Q

what tissue does the skeletal system mainly contain

A

osseous tissue

22
Q

are bones organs?

23
Q

compact bone

A

dense outer layer; smooth and solid

24
Q

spongy bone/trabeculae

A

honeycomb of internal flat pieces

25
short, irregular, and flat bone structure
- thin plates of spongy covered by compact - plates sandwiched between C.T. membranes - no shaft or epiphyses - yes marrow, no marrow cavities
26
periosteum
- double layered membrane - dense irregular fibrous C.T. - anchoring place for tendons/ligaments - provides blood and nerves to bone
27
endosteum
inner layers of C.T. membranes
28
epiphyses
- ends of bones - inside spongy outside compact
29
diaphysis
long shaft, compact bone surrounds medullary cavity
30
epiphyseal line
- separates diaphysis and epiphyses - remnant of childhood growth hormone
31
articular cartilage
lines bony tissue of joints
32
sharpey's fibers
secures the periosteum to inner bone matrix
33
red marrow location
cavities of spongy bone
34
trabecular cavities
highly porous inner bone areas
35
what can yellow marrow convert to if needed?
red marrow
36
medullary cavity
inside bone structures where only spongy bone is