Skeletal Function & Structure Flashcards
What does the skeleton do?
- Organ support & protection
- Structure, posture
- movement
- Blood production
- Storage of minerals
What is the axial skeleton
Bones that make up the head and trunk of the body
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Limbs that support/ produce from the trunk
Long bone
- Longer than wide (femur)
- Acts as levers
- Locomotion and support
Short bone
- Equal dimensions
- Absorbs impacts
- Hands, wrists, feet, ankles
Flat bone
- Strong flat plates on bone
- Protects organs
- Muscles attached to them
- Skull, rib cage, pelvis
Sesamoid bones
- Short irregular
- Embedded into tendon
- Reduce friction
- Knee cap
Irregular bone
- Odd shaped
- Protection, support, anchor points
- Vertebrae (spine) & pelvis
Largest organ of the body
The skin
Protects from damage
Components of skin
Hair
Skin
Glands
Claws/ nails
Horns/ antlers
Feathers
Scales
Epidermis
Waterproof outer layer
Elastic
Skin colour
Dermis
Middle layer
Hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels, glands
Regulates body temp
Subcutaneous layer
Connective tissues
High amount of fat
Fibrous joints
Sgnarthroses joint
Fixed tissue
No movement
Face/ head
Cartilaginous joints
Slight movement
Ribs spine
Synovial joints
Diarthroses joint
Wide range of movement
Elbow, knee, shoulder, hips, toes & fingers
Structure of synovial joints
Hyaline cartilage
Protects bones, stops friction, shock absorber
What is a ligament
Joins bone to bone
Stabilises joints
What is a tendon
Joins muscles to bone
Makes movement
What does the synovial membrane do
Produces synovial fluid
What does Synovial fluid do
cushions movement
Stops friction
What does fibrous joint capsules do
Gives protection
Types of synovial joints
Hinge joint
Piviot joint
Ball and socket joint
Rotation joint
Gliding joint
Saddle joint
Condyloid joint
What does the hinge joint do
Flexion & extension
Elbow, jaw, knee
What does the pivot joint do
Rotation of one joint around another
Top of neck = cervical vertebrae = appendicular and axial
Ball & socket
Flexion & extension
Addiction & abduction
Internal & external rotation
Wrists, ankles, shoulders, hips
Gliding joint
Gliding movement
Knee cap
Condyloid joint
Flexion & extension
Addiction & abduction
Elbow, wrists, base of insect finger
Saddle joint
Most movement but rotation
Thumb
Ranges of movement for synovial joints
Flexion & Extension
Addiction & Abduction
Rotation
Gliding
Protraction & Retraction
Flexion movement
Extension movement
Reduction angle between two bones
Increases angle between two bones
Rotation movement
Joints can twist on own axis
Abduction movement
Addiction movement
Moves away from body
Moves towards body
Gliding movement
Surfaces of a joint slide over another
Protraction movement
Retraction movement
Limb moving forward away from body
Limb moving backwards away from body
