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Skeletal/Bony Landmarks Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulates posteriorly with parietal; laterally with sphenoid. Forms anterior-superior surfaces of cranial vault, and contains sinuses.

A

Frontal

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2
Q

articulates superiorly-anteriorly with parietals; anteriorly with temporals; inferiorly with atlas vertebra. Forms and inferior part of vault. It has an external occipital protuberance, internal occiptal protuberance, foramen magnum (large hole), and two condyles.

A

Occipital

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3
Q

articulates posteriorly with occipital, laterally with temporal and sphenoid, and medially with each other. It forms superior and lateral walls of cranial vault.

A

Parietal

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4
Q

articulates anteriorly with sphenoid, posteriorly with occipital and medially with parietal. It forms part of the lateral and inferior walls of the cranial vault.

A

Temporal

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5
Q

has horizontal plate (perforated) and perpendicular plate (helps form nasal septum) and crista galli (serves as attachment for brain structure). It has two lateral labyrinths which form superior and middle nasal conchae, and two large and several small sinuses.

A

Ethmoid

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6
Q

has body (two large sinuses) and sella turcica (protects pituitary), also 2 greater wings, 2 lesser wings, 2 lateral pterygoid plates, 2 medial pterygoid plates. It forms the greater portion of base of cranial vault and helps form nasal and orbital cavaties.

A

Sphenoid

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7
Q

Name the six cranial bones

A

Frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, and sphenoid.

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8
Q

Located on anterior medial wall of orbit; lacrimal duct; transverse bone.

A

Lacrimal

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9
Q

Thin oblong bones which form the bridge of the nose.

A

Nasal

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10
Q

Two thin scroll-like bones in each nostril

A

Inferior Nasal Concha

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11
Q

forms the prominence of the check. It has temporal process which articulates with zygomatic process of temporal bone to form the arch.

A

Zygomatic

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12
Q

Upper jaw. Body contains Antrum of Highmore, which is the largest sinus in anatomy. It has four processes: frontal, zygomatic, palatine and alveolar.

A

Maxillae

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13
Q

Lower jaw. It has 2 rami, 2 condyles, 2 coronoid processes. Mandibular notch between condyles and coronoid process, alveolar process and mental foramen.

A

Mandible

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14
Q

resembles plowshares. Helps form medial septum of the nose.

A

Vomer

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15
Q

“L” shaped. It has a horizontal and vertical part, orbital process, sphenoidal process, pyramidal process and nasal crest.

A

Palatine (palate)

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16
Q

Name the 8 parts of the facial bones.

A

Lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal concha, zygomatic, maxillae, mandible, vomer, palatine.

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17
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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18
Q

has no body and no spinous process. It has posterior and anterior arch, 2 lateral masses, 2 superior processes, 2 inferior processes, and 2 transverse processes. It is a bony ring which supports the occiput. Masses articulate with the occipital bone. Each has a superior and inferior surface. Transverse ligament divides posterior and anterior section of the ring.

A

1st Atlas vertebrae (cervical)

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19
Q

has largest body and spinous process. Odontoid process articulates with anterior arch of Atlas vertebrae. It has 2 inferior articular processes, 2 superior articular processes, 2 laminae, and 2 transverse articular processes.

A

2nd Axis vertebra (cervical)

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20
Q

has body, 2 pedicles, 2 laminae transverse processes, 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular processes, and 1 spinous process. Transvers processes are pierced by the vertebral foramen.

A

Typical cervical vertebrae

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21
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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22
Q

has a large and stronger body but smaller vertebral canal than cervical. It has 2 transverse processes, 2 laminae, 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular process, and 1 spinous process.

A

Typical thoracic vertebrae

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23
Q

The lateral surface of the body of these thoracic vertebrae have distinct facet or articulation with the head of the corresponding ribs.

A

T-1, T-10, T-11, and T-12

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24
Q

The _ through _ thoracic bodies have demi-facets for articulation with the heads of ribs.

A

T-2 through T-9

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25
Q

All transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae have facets for the articulation with the tubercle of the ribs, except for which ones?

A

T-11 and T-12

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26
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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27
Q

the largest and most massive bodies, spinous and transverse process. It has a body, 2 transverse processes, 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular processes, 1 spinous process, 2 pedicles, 2 lamina. Two superior articular processes face medially and superiorly. Two inferior articular processes face laterall and inferiorly.

A

Typical lumbar vertebrae.

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28
Q

Which spinal curves are anteriorly convex?

A

Cervical and lumbar.

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29
Q

Which spinal curves are anteriorly concave?

A

Thoracic and sacral

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30
Q

What two bones make up the caudal aspect of the spine?

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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31
Q

A wedge-shaped bone made up of 5 distinct segments. It has 5 spinous processes, 5 anterior sacral foramina and, 5 posterior sacral foramina. Articulates superiorly with 5 lumbar, laterally with innominate bones and inferiorly with coccyx.

A

Sacrum

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32
Q

Thin, fragile bone with 4 distinct segments. Articulates superiorly with sacrum and forms distal extremetiy of vertebral column.

A

Coccyx

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33
Q

long bony cage bounded anteriorly by the sternum and costal cartilages, laterally by 12 pairs of ribs and posteriorly by the 12 thoracic vertebrae. It containes the principal organs of respiration and circulation.

A

Thorax

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34
Q

What bones are found in the thorax region?

A

Hyoid, sternum, ribs.

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35
Q

A horseshoe shaped bone that serves as an attachment site for muscles of the tongue.

A

Hyoid

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36
Q

A flat narrow bone about six inches long; forms median line of chest. There are 7 facets on each side for articulation of the costal cartilage of the ribs. Has three divisions.

A

Sternum

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37
Q

What are the divisions of the sternum?

A

manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

38
Q

long bone made up of a shaft and two extremities (anterior or sternal extremity; posterior or vertebral extremity). The head articulates with facet of corresponding vertebra or formbed by adjacent bodies of two vertebrae.

A

Ribs

39
Q

Each of these attach to the sternum by cartilage. What are they?

A

True ribs

40
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

7

41
Q

three of these connect to the cartilage of the true ribs, and two do not connect to the cartilage or sternum in any way

A

False ribs

42
Q

How many false ribs are there?

A

5

43
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12

44
Q

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

45
Q

a thick “S”-shaped bone. It has a shaft and 2 extremities. Sternal end articulates with sternum. Acromial extremity articulates with acromion process of scapula.

A

Clavicle.

46
Q

a triangular bone situated between the 2nd and 7th ribs of dorsum. It has an acromion process, coracoid process, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, vertebral medial border, axillary or lateral border and superior and inferior angles. Acromion process articulates with clavicle. Glenoid cavity articulates with humerus.

A

Scapula

47
Q

the largest bone of the upper extremity. It has a head which articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. Anatomical neck is above greater and lesser tubercle. It has a long shaft. Surgical neck is below. Intertubercular grooves is between greater and lesser tubercle. It has a long shaft. Distal extremity capitulum is larger and articulates with radius. Radial fossa is above capitulum. Trochlea is medial and articulates with ulna. Coronoid fossa is above trochlea. It has medial and lateral epicondyles. Fossum of distal extremity has olecranon fossa.

A

Humerus

48
Q

olecranon process articulates with olecranon fossa of humerus; coronoid process articulates with trochlea of humerus in coronoid fossa. Space between olecranon process and coronoid process is called semilunar notch. Radial notch articulates with radius. It has a long shaft. Distal extremeity has a styloid process; head articulates with radius. Does not articulate with the wrist.

A

Ulna

49
Q

head articulates with capitulum of humerus in radial fossa. Articulates medially with radial notch of ulna. It has a long shaft and radial tuberosity. Distal extremetiy articulates with ulna medially and inferiorly with navicular and lunae (wrist bones). It has a styloid process.

A

Radius

50
Q

short bones in two rows. Contains scaphoid, lunate, pisiform (proximal row) and trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.

A

Carpals

51
Q

long bones; articulate distally with proximal phalanges

A

Metacarpals

52
Q

Each finger has three of these; thumb has two. The proximal ones articulate with metacarpals above and the middles ones below. Middle ones articulate with proximal and distal ones. Distal ones articulate with the middles ones.

A

Phalanges

53
Q

How many phalanges are in the hand?

A

14

54
Q

a bony basin bound anteriorly and laterally by two innominates and posteriorly by sacrum and coccyx. Pectineal line divides it into a greater and lesser (false or true) pelvis. Inlet and outlet are larger in the female, but stronger and thicker in the male.

A

Pelvice Girdle

55
Q

form the pelvis. has three descriptive parts.

A

Innominate bones

56
Q

is broad expanded portion; has anterior superior iliac spine. forms sides of false pelvis. Forms part of acetabulum. Helps form sacroiliac joint. It has a wide crest. Other bony landmarks include anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS).

A

Ilium

57
Q

is inferior and the strongest part. helps form acetabulum and obtruator foramen. Large prominence is called tuberosity of ____

A

Ischium

58
Q

forms anterior wall of pelvis. Meets with opposite to form symphysis pubis in mid-line of body. Helps form acetabulum and obtruator foramen.

A

Pubis

59
Q

longest bone in anatomy. Head articulates with acetabulum. It has a constricted neck, greater and lesser trochanter with an intertrochanteric fossa. Linea aspera transverses posterior surface of shaft. Distal extremity articulates with tibia and patella. Has medial and lateral condyles and interchondyloid fossa.

A

Femur

60
Q

is a triangular flat bone which articulates with anterior surface of distal extremity of femur. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and is developed in the tendon of guadriceps femoris muscle.

A

patella

61
Q

is the largest bone in the calf. Articulates superiorly with femur and laterally with fibula. It has medial and lateral condyles and intercondyloid eminence. Anterior surface has tuberosity of tibia. Distal extremity articulates with talus inferiorly and laterally with fibula, and ends in a process termed medial malleolus.

A

Tibia

62
Q

is a long thin lateral bone of the calf. Quadrangular head articulates with tibia. Styloid process projects superiorly. Distal extremity articulates medially with tibia and inferiorly with talus. Forms lateral malleolus.

A

Fibula

63
Q

short bones of ankle regions. Largest heel bone is the calcaneus; talus, navicular, cuboid, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cuneiform

A

Tarsal

64
Q

long bones arranged similarly to metacarpals in hands

A

Metatarsals

65
Q

long bones arranged similarly to phalanges in fingers.

A

Phalanges (toes)

66
Q

beak-like projection found inferior to the shaft of the clavicle.

A

coracoid process

67
Q

forms a large, superficial bump directly behind the earlobe. larger on famales and is underdeveloped on infants.

A

mastoid process

68
Q

directly medial from the olecranon process. It is superficial and has a protruding, spherical shape designed to accomodate the tendons of the wrist and finger flexors.

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

69
Q

Superficial, located at the posterior end of the iliac crest. In most people, can be visibly identifed by the two small dimples found at the base of the low back.

A

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

70
Q

will generally lie at the level of the spinous process of T-7

A

Inferior angle of the scapula

71
Q

Will generally lie at the level of the spinous process of T-2

A

Superior angle of the scapula

72
Q

protrude from the sides of each vertebrae.

A

transverse process

73
Q

located inferior and lateral to the acromion. Shaped more like a low mound than a pointy hill. Attachment site for three of the four rotator cuff muscles. One of three landmarks located on the proximal humerus deep to the deltoid muscle.

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

74
Q

located on the most inferior aspect of the pelvis at the level of the gluteal fold (horizontal crease between the buttocks and thigh). Also know as the “sits bones”.

A

Ischial tuberosity

75
Q

located proximal to the iliac crest, opposite of the greater ____ and is not palpable.

A

lesser trochanter

76
Q

located on the anterior and superior aspect of the ilium. Superficial tips located below the waistline.

A

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

77
Q

situated between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, roughly a pencil’s width in diameter. Location of where the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii lies.

A

Intertubercular groove.

78
Q

located on the proximal end of the ulna and articulates with the distal humerus. Its large surface is the attachment site for the triceps brachii muscle. Forms the “point” of the elbow.

A

Olecranon process

79
Q

Long edge of the scapula that runs parallel to the vertebral column. It can measure five to seven inches in length, depending on the body type. An attachment site for the rhomboids, and serratus anterior, and is deep to the trapezius.

A

Medial border of the scapula

80
Q

The posterior, vertical portion of the mandible and is deep to the masseter.

A

Ramus of mandible.

81
Q

Superficial ridge located just off the top of the shoulder. It runs at an oblique angle to the body, spanning from the acromion to the medial border. It is an attachment site for the posterior deltoid and middle and lower fibers of the trapezius.

A

Spine of the scapula

82
Q

Extends superiorly and laterally from the inferior angle toward the axilla or “armpit”. It is an attachment site for the teres major and teres minor muscles.

A

Lateral border of scapula

83
Q

A vertebra’s posterior projection. As a group, they form the visible row of bumps that run down the center of the back. They are designed as attachment sites for layers of muscles, ligaments and fasciae.

A

Spinous processes of the vertebrae

84
Q

Smaller than its medial counterpart and is located lateral to the olecranon process. It is an attachment site for the tendons of the wrist and finger extensors.

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

85
Q

located distal to the iliac crest. It is a large, superficial mass located on the side of the hip. It is easily plpable and serves as an attachment site for the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and lateral rotators of the hip.

A

greater trochanter of the femur

86
Q

the lateral aspect of the spine of the scapula and is located at the top of the shoulder. It has a flat surface and articulates with the clavicle’s lateral end. Serves as an attachment site for the trapezius and deltoid muscles.

A

acromion

87
Q

Two on each side- large, round and mostly inaccessible., however edges located on either side of patella are easily accessible. Edges play an important role in the tracking of the patella when the knee is flexed and extended

A

condyles of femur

88
Q

a superficial knob located distal to the patella on the shaft of the tibia. It is roughly half an inch in diameter and serves as an attachment site for the patellar ligament. Sometimes protrudes visibly.

A

tibial tuberosity

89
Q

Large, conspicuous knob with counterpart located on other side of ankle. This side is broader and located at the distal end of the tibia.

A

medial malleolus

90
Q

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

A

Skull/cranium (frontal, temporal, nasal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, parietal, occipital); hyoid, sternum, costals, pelvis (ilium/ischium), cervical vertebrae, throacic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

91
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Clavicle, scapula humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges (2), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, talus, calcaneus, metatarsals

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