Skeletal and muscular systems

Question 1

Describe and give the function of a ligament

Answer 1

Joins bone to bone

Stabilises the joint

Question 2

Describe and give the function of an artictular cartilage

Answer 2

Acts as a shock absorber

protects the joint

Question 3

Describe and give the function of a joint capsule

Answer 3

Split into synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

Protects the synovial membrane and stabilises the fibrous capsule

Question 4

Describe and give the function of bursa

Answer 4

A sack of synovial fluid that prevents friction

Question 5

Describe and give the function of the meniscus

Answer 5

A wedge of cartilage

Stabilises the joint

Question 6

Describe and give the function of the pad of fat

Answer 6

a small collection of fat cells cushioning the joint

protects the joint

Question 7

Describe and give the function of tendons

Answer 7

Joins muscle to bone

Stabilises the joint

Question 8

What muscles causes flexion and extension in the wrist (joint type)

Answer 8

Condyloid
Flexion-wrist flexors
Extension-wrist extensors

Question 9

What muscles cause flexion and extension in the elbow joint (joint type)

Answer 9

Hinge
Flexion-bicep brachii
Extension-trciep brachii

Question 10

What are all 7 types of movement in the shoulder and the muscles which cause those movements

Answer 10

Ball and socket 
Flexion-Anterior deltoid
Extension-Posterior deltoid
Abduction-Middle deltoid 
Adduction-Latissimus dorsi
Medial rotation-Pectoralis major 
Horizontal flexion-Trapezius 
Horizontal extension- Teres minor

Question 11

What are all 6 types of movement in the hip and the muscles which cause those movements

Answer 11

Ball and socket
Flexion-Illiopsoas 
Extension-Gluteus maximus 
Abduction-Gluteus minimus and medius 
Adduction-adductor group

Question 12

What muscles cause flexion and extension in the knee joint (joint type)

Answer 12

Hinge
Flexion-bicep femoris
Extension-rectus femoris

Question 13

What muscles cause flexion and extension in the ankle joint (joint type)

Answer 13

Hinge
Dorsiflexion-tibialis anterior
Plantarflexion-gastrocnemius

Question 14

Describe and give examples of movements that take place in the Saggital plane

Answer 14

Divides the body into left and right

eg. Circumduction at the shoulder while performing back stroke or bowling in cricket

Question 15

Describe and give examples of movements that take place in the Frontal plane

Answer 15

Divides the body into anterior and posterior

eg. Adduction at the shoulder during a cartwheel or jumping jack

Question 16

Describe and give examples of movements that take place in the Transverse plane

Answer 16

Divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

eg. Rotation at the trunk. Swinging a golf club

Question 17

Define agonist

Answer 17

The muscle that is directly responsible for the movement at a joint

Question 18

Define antagonist

Answer 18

The muscle that has an action opposite to that of the agonist and helps in the production of a co-ordinated movement

Question 19

Define fixator

Answer 19

The muscle that works with the agonist by stabilising bones during the movement

Question 20

What is the type of contraction when an agonist contracts

Answer 20

Concentric

Question 21

What is the type of contraction when an antagonist contracts

Answer 21

Eccentric (gravity effects)

Question 22

Give the order of skeletal contractions

Answer 22

1. Nerve impulse initiated
2. Nerve impulse travels down the spinal cord into the neuron
3. Nerve impulse travels down the neuron into the axon
4. ACH is secreted from the synaptic cleft
5. If the action potential is big enough the muscle will contract.

Question 23

What are the structural characteristics of TYPE IA fibre types

Answer 23

Capillary number-low
Neuron size-small
Number of myoglobin-high

Question 24

What are the structural characteristics of TYPE IIA fibre types

Answer 24

Capillary number-high
Neuron size-quite large
Number of myoglobin-moderate

Question 25

What are the structural characteristics of TYPE IIX fibre types

Answer 25

Capillary number-very high
Neuron size-very large
Number of myoglobin-low

Question 26

What are the functional characteristics of TYPE IA fibre types

Answer 26

Contractile strength-low power
Fatigue resistance- high
Anaerobic capacity- low

Question 27

What are the functional characteristics of TYPE IIA fibre types

Answer 27

Contractile strength-high power
Fatigue resistance- moderate
Anaerobic capacity- moderate

Question 28

What are the functional characteristics of TYPE IIX fibre types

Answer 28

Contractile strength-very high power
Fatigue resistance- low
Anaerobic capacity- high