Skeletal and muscular

Question 1

What is the difference between Flat and Long bones?

Answer 1

Flat bones protect internal organs and act as sites for muscular attachment. Long bones act as levers for movement and act as sites of blood cell production.

Question 2

Define a joint.

Answer 2

an area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement

Question 3

Define a ligament.

Answer 3

a tough band of fibrous slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

Question 4

Describe the sagittal plane with a movement example.

Answer 4

It lies vertically, dividing the body into left and right - an example being a bicep curl (elbow flexion).

Question 5

Define the frontal plane with a movement example.

Answer 5

It lies vertically, dividing the body into anterior and posterior - an example being star jumps (shoulder abduction)

Question 6

Define the transverse plane with a movement example.

Answer 6

It lies horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) - an example being a chest fly (shoulder horizontal flexion)

Question 7

Which joint can move in all 3 planes?

Answer 7

Ball and socket joint

Question 8

Which joint can only move in 1 plane?

Answer 8

Hinge joint (sagittal)

Question 9

What is an agonist and antagonist?

Answer 9

Agonist - a muscle responsible for creating the movement at a joint.
An antagonist is a muscle opposing the agonist that provides resistance for coordinated movement.

Question 10

Define an eccentric and concentric contraction.

Answer 10

Eccentric - when a muscle lengthens while producing tension
Concentric - when a muscle shortens while producing tension

Question 11

Name the four muscles in the quadriceps group

Answer 11

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis

Question 12

Name the three muscles in the hamstring group

Answer 12

Bicep femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Question 13

Name the three calf muscles (anterior and posterior)

Answer 13

Anterior - tibialis anterior
Posterior - gastrocnemius , soleus

Question 14

Name the two muscles above the hip / abs

Answer 14

iliopsoas
hip flexors

Question 15

Name the bones making up the arm

Answer 15

humerus
radius
ulna

Question 16

What’s the difference between carpals and tarsals

Answer 16

carpals - hand
tarsals - feet

Question 17

What bones make up the shoulders?

Answer 17

clavicle
scapula

Question 18

Name the adductor group and its antagonist pair of muscles

Answer 18

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

antagonist pair of muscles - gluteus minimus , medius

Question 19

Define a motor neuron

Answer 19

A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres.

Question 20

Describe the first stages of a motor unit.

Answer 20

A nerve impulse is initiated in the motor neuron cell body.

Question 21

Define the action potential

Answer 21

positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse

Question 22

Describe the second stage of a motor unit

Answer 22

nerve impulse conducted down the axon of motor neuron by a nerve action potential to the synaptic cleft

Question 23

Describe the third stage of a motor unit

Answer 23

neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap.

Question 24

Describe the fourth stage of a motor unit

Answer 24

if the electrical charge is above threshold , the muscle fibre will contract.

Question 25

Describe the fifth stage of a motor unit

Answer 25

This happens in an all or none law fashion - if stimulus is above threshold all muscle fibres will give either a complete contraction or no contraction at all.