Skeletal and muscular

Question 1

ligament

Answer 1

tough band of slightly elactic tissue
connects bone to bone
stabilises joint movements

Question 2

synovial fluid

Answer 2

lubricating liquid contained within joint cavity
reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage

Question 3

articular cartilage

Answer 3

smooth tissue - covers surface of articulating bones
absorbs shock
allows friction free movement

Question 4

joint capsule

Answer 4

fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
encloses and strengthens the joint secreting the synovial fluid

Question 5

bursa

Answer 5

closed, fluid filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
reduces friction between tensons and bones

Question 6

sagittal

Answer 6

flexion
extension
(dorsi/plantar)

Question 7

frontal

Answer 7

ab/adduction

Question 8

transverse

Answer 8

horizontal flex/exten
rotation

Question 9

isotonic

Answer 9

muscles changes length to produce tension

• concentric
• eccentric

Question 10

concentric

Answer 10

muscle shortens to produce tension
upwards phase of bicep curl - biceps brachii, concentrically contract to lift the weight

Question 11

eccentric

Answer 11

muscle lengthens to produce tension
braking movement
downwards phase of a bicep curl - biceps brachii eccentrically contracts during downward phase

Question 12

isometric

Answer 12

muscle contracts but doesn’t change length
no movement created
holding press-up position

Question 13

skeletal muscular contraction

Answer 13

nerve impulse in the motor neuron
nerve impulse travels down the axon of the motor neurone by a nerve action potential
neurotransmitter - ACh - secreted into the synaptic cleft - conducts nerve impulse across the gap
if electrical charge is above threshold, muscle fibre will contract
happens in an all or non law fashion

Question 14

key points for a muscle contraction

Answer 14

• nerve impulse
• motor neurone
• down axon
• nerve action potential
• neurotransmitter
• electrical charge
• threshold
• all or none

Question 15

anagram to remember structural characteristics

Answer 15

Most - mitochondria density
M - myoglobin density
Ps - PC stores
No - neurone size
Fu**ing - fibres per neurone
Clue - capillary density

Question 16

anagram to remember functional characteristics

Answer 16

All - aerobic capacity
Fairies - force of contraction
Are - anaerobic capacity
Fairly - fatigue resistance
Small - speed of contraction

Question 17

SO practical eg

Answer 17

endurance athletes
marathon
triathlon
x country skiing

Question 18

FOG practical eg

Answer 18

high intensity athletes
800-1500m
200m freestyle

Question 19

FG practical eg

Answer 19

explosive athletes
javelin
100m sprint

Question 20

SO key points

Answer 20

• recruited for sub max, aerobic work
• contract intermittently - allow low force of contraction overall
• individual fibres recover quickly

Question 21

SO application

Answer 21

1:1 or 1:0.5 = work:relief

Question 22

FOG key points

Answer 22

• produce large amounts of force quickly
• capacity to resist fatigue

Question 23

FG key points

Answer 23

• recruited in last 2-10 secs of a contraction
• where maximal efforts needed quickly
• eccentric muscle fibre damage - DOMS

Question 24

DOMS

Answer 24

delayed onset muscle soreness
pain and stiffness - 24-72hrs after exercise
associated with eccentric muscle contractions

Question 25

FOG application

Answer 25

if used to exhaustion - take 4-10 days to recover
maximal weight training sessions should leave 48 hours before using same muscle group again