Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards
Total bones in an adult body
206
Types of skeleton arrangements (two)
axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton
Number of bones in the axial skeleton and regions
80 bones
skull
ribs
sternum
vertebral column
Number of bones in the appendicular skeleton and regions
126 bones
upper limbs
lower limbs
pelvic girdle
pectoral girdle (shoulder)
Number of bones in the skull
22 bones
Regions of bones in the spine and total amount for each region
cervical - 7
thoracic - 12
lumbar - 5
sacrum - 1
coccyx - 1
Sternum location
“breastbone” located in chest connected to the ribs by costal cartilage
Names and number of ribs
true ribs, 1- 7
false ribs, 8 - 10
floating ribs, 11 - 12
Bones in the pectoral girdle
clavicles
scapula
Name of long bones in arm
humerus - upper arm
radius - lateral side
ulna - medial side
Radius and ulna joint functions
radius - pronation/supination of wrist
ulna - flexion/extension of elbow
Number of carpals
8 (wrist flexibility)
Number of metatarsals
5 (fingers)
Name of bones in the leg
femur - upper leg
tibia - supports body weight
fibula - maintain balance, muscle attachments
patella - formed early childhood
bones that make up the ankle joint
tibia
fibula
tarsal
Number of tarsals
7
Number of metatarsals
5
Types of bones
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
Sesamoid bones
form after birth inside tends which run across joints
protects the tendon from stress/strain
gives mechanical advantages
Types of joints
synovial joint - small gap between joint
cartilaginous joint - layer of cartilage between joints
Types of synovial joints
hinge joint
gliding joint
saddle joint
ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
knee and elbow
open and close
Gliding joint
carpals and tarsals
flat bones held together by ligaments slide past each other
Saddle joint
thumb
rock back/forth and side/side
does not rotate
Ball and socket joint
hip/shoulder
most mobile
most ROM
Epiphysis
end of bone
Diaphysis -
middle of bone
Metaphysis
region of growth and eventual fusion of epiphysis and diaphysis
Hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage on the end of the bone that forms joints with other bones
Articular cartilage
acts as a sock absorber and gliding surface between bones to facilitate movement
Periosteum
thin dense irregular connective tissue on the outside of bone
anchors tendon and muscle to bone
contains nerves and blood vessels
Osteoblast
located in the periosteum
grows/repairs bone due to stress/injury
