Skeletal Flashcards
Osteology
Study of the function, structure, disease, and treatment of the skeletal system.
Functions of the skeletal system
Structure/support Protection Assists with movement Mineral storage Production of blood cells Storage of energy
Bone tissue stores excess?
Calcium phosphorus
Marrow that is important storage for energy reserve
Yellow bone marrow
Components of the skeletal system
Cartilage
Ligaments
Joints
Bones
Cartilage
Flexible, strong connective tissue made up of collagen elastin and ground substance
Ligaments
Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
Joint
Made up of cartilage and ligaments, the connection place between bones where movement occurs
Bone
Hard and rigid form of connective tissue that makes up most the skeleton
The formation of bone tissue
Ossification
Bone cells
Osteoprogenitor
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
Osteoprogenitor
An immature bone cell that will develop into an osteoblast.
Immature unspecialized cell.
Osteoblast
Bone cells that build\makeup new bone tissue
Osteocyte
Mature bone cell
That is responsible for regulating the amount of calcium that is found within the bone tissue.
Osteoclast
The bone cells that break down and clean up mature or damaged bone tissue.
Types of bone tissue
Compact
Spongy
Compact bone
Also known as cortical bone
Hard dense, found on the outer portions of the bone.
Made up of primarily calcium and phosphorous.
Spongy bone
Also known as bone marrow
2 types
Red marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Located at the ends of long bones in adults
Produces
Leukocytes- white blood cells
Erythrocytes- red blood cells
Thrombocytes- platlets
Yellow bone marrow
Located in small bones and in the center of long bones in adults
Made up of lipids, location in the bone where energy can be stored.
Red bs yellow
As we age the red marrow starts to disappear and the yellow marrow
Starts to take over
Shape and categories of bone
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid Sutural
Long bone
A bone that is longer than it is wide
Ex humerus, femur
Short bone
A bone that is cube shaped. The length is similar to its width depth diameter
Ex: carpals, tarsals
Flat bones
Flat and thin, large surface. Allows for multiple locations for muscles to attach.
Ex: scapula, pelvis
Irregular bones
Individually unique shape that is created in order to perform a specific function
Ex: vertebrae
Sacrum
Mandible
Sesamoid bone
Bones that are found within the tendon
Ex: patella
Pisiform
Sutural bones
These bones have been fused together by sutural joints which allow little to no movement
Ex: skull
Structure of a long bone
Diaphysis Epiphysis Articulate cartilage Medullary cavity Endosteum Periosteum
Diaphysis
Shaft of the long bone
Epiphysis
Ends of the long bone
Articular cartilage
Layer of cartilage found at the ends of the bone. Covers the epiphysis, reduces friction between bones.
Medullary cavity
Location where spongy bone is found within a long bone
Endosteum
Fascial membrane that separates that separates the medullary cavity and the compact bone
Periosteum
The fascial membrane that covers the outside of compact bone. Covering
