Skeletal Flashcards
This type of ossification occurs rapidly in to keep up with the rapid growth of the fetus
Inter-cartilagenous or Endochondral Ossification
What are the two types of ossification that takes place in the skull?
Neurochondrocranium and Neuromembranocranium
Where does neurochondrocranium ossification take place?
2 pairs of nasals, 1 pair trabeculae cranii, 1 pair orbitals, 1 pair temporals, single hypophyseal, single parachordal, 1 pair otics, 4 singel occipital
Neuromembranocranium ossification forms what structures?
2 Frontals, 2 Parietals, 1 Vomer, 2 nasals, 2 lacrimals
What fontanelle is formed from the frontal, coronal and saggital suture
Anterior Fontanelle
When should the anterior fontanelle be closed by?
2nd year
What sutures surround the posterior fontanelle and by what age should it be closed?
Lamboid suture and sagittal suture, 2-3 months
What fontanelle is located between the occipital bone and parietal bones? When should it be closed?
Posterolateral fontanelle
2-3 months
What fontanelle is located ant the junction of the frontal, parietal, and temporal bone? When should it be closed?
Anterolateral Fontanelle
End of first year
What bone structures are formed from the 1st arch?
Palate, maxilla, Meckel’s Cartilage, incus, and malleus
What is the endochondral ossification that is composed of replacing bone?
Splanchnochondrocranium
What type of ossification is Splanchnomembrocranium? Wtat type of bone is it composed of?
Intramembranous Ossification
Composed of membrane bones
What is modified tissue in the vertebral disc?
Nucleus Pulposus
What type of malformation has abnormal deveopment of cartilage, Disportionate growth patterns, and is mostly autosomal dominate?
Chordrodystrophies
An individual who is small in stature has craniofacial megalocephaly, lumbarlordosis, and short tubular bone is likely suffering from?
Anchondroplasia Syndrom
This isa mild from of achondroplasia that can result in small stature, bowed lower limbs and lumbar lordosis
Hypochondroplasia
In Mucopolysaccaridosis syndrom there is an accumulation of what in the nervous system?
Lipids and mucopollysaccharides in the mesenchyme
Type I of mucopollysaccharidosis is commonly known as what? What is deficient in the body?
Hurlers
Alpha-L Idurinidase
What type of spina bifida is difficult to diagnose without the use of imaging?
Oculta
What structures are located in the the opening in Spina Bifida Cystica- Meningocele
Meninges
Spina bifida that contains meninges and spinal cord
Meningemyocoele
What is the generic term for a premature closure of the sutures in the skull
Craniostenosis
Condition of symmetrical premature closing of sutures
Oxycephaly
The premature fusion of 2 frontal bones at the metatopic suture
Trigoncephaly
Asymetrical closure of closure of suture
Plagiocephaly
What is congenital scoliosis
An abnormal curvature (numerrical or morphological) determined by Cobb Angle
What is the premature closing of sagittal sutures?
Scaphocephaly
What condition is the result of closing of the coronal suture?
Acrocephaly
This type of Thalidomoid baby is born without limbs
Amelia
Meromelia will result in the reduction of what?
Distal limbs
The absence or reduction of proximal limbs
Phocomelia
What is the condition where ther is a presence of extra digits?
Polydactyly
How would you describe the condition of syndactyly
Autosomal condition that has to deal with the fusion of digits
An indiviadual has short digits would be considered what condition?
Brachydactyly
What is a small dorsal division that forms the extensor muscles of the vertebral column
Epimere (epiaxial)
What is the large ventral division that gives rise to muscles of limbs and body wall?
Hypomere (hypaxial)
T or F
Muscle fibers can change direction in the growth process?
True (example Flexor digitorum longus)
Give an example of a muscle whose myotome fuses together
Rectus Abdominis
What cranial nerve innervates arch 1
Cranial Nerve 5 (trigeminal)
What CN innervates arch 2
C.N. 7 (Facial)
What arch does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?
Arch 3
What C.N innervates arch 4 & 6?
C.N 10 (Vagus) & 12 (hypoglossal)
A congenital malformation with distended aplasia of the abdominal musculature?
Prune Belly
What muscle is most frequent unilateral defect?
Pectoralis
What condition occurs when the sternocleidomastoid becomes fibrous?
Congenital torticollis
