Skeletal

Question 1

Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone tissue?

Answer 1

Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts break down bone tissue during the process of bone resorption, which is essential for bone remodeling and calcium release.

Question 2

The epiphyseal plate is critical for which of the following processes?

Answer 2

Bone lengthening during growth
The epiphyseal plate, or growth plate, is where new bone is produced during childhood and adolescence, allowing bones to lengthen as the
animal grows.

Question 3

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Rib
The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The rib is part of this central framework.

Question 4

What type of joint is characterized by a fluid-filled cavity that allows for a wide range of motion?

Answer 4

Synovial joint
Synovial joints have a fluid-filled cavity that allows for extensive movement. Examples include the knee, elbow, and shoulder joints.

Question 5

Which of the following structures connects muscle to bone?

Answer 5

Tendon
Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement when muscles contract. Ligaments, in contrast, connect bones to other bones.

Question 6

Describe the differences between compact bone and spongy bone in terms of structure and function.

Answer 6

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and protection. It consists of tightly packed osteons. Spongy bone, found inside bones, has a porous structure with trabeculae that provide support while making bones lighter. It also houses bone marrow.

Question 7

Explain the role of the periosteum in bone health and repair.

Answer 7

The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. It contains osteoblasts that are essential for bone growth, repair, and remodeling. It also serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 8

List the four types of bones based on shape, and provide an example of each.

Answer 8

■ Long bones (e.g., femur)
■ Short bones (e.g., carpal bones)
■ Flat bones (e.g., scapula)
■ Irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae)

Question 9

Discuss the process of endochondral ossification and its importance in the skeletal system.

Answer 9

Endochondral ossification is the process by which bone tissue is created from a cartilage template. This process is crucial for the formation of long bones and contributes to the lengthening of bones during growth. It begins in the fetus and continues into adolescence until the growth plates close.

Question 10

How does the skeletal system contribute to calcium homeostasis in the body?

Answer 10

The skeletal system serves as the primary storage site for calcium. When blood calcium levels are low, osteoclasts break down bone tissue to release calcium into the bloodstream. Conversely, when blood calcium levels are high, osteoblasts deposit calcium into bones, helping to maintain calcium homeostasis.