skeletal Flashcards
the bones that formed the
longitudinal axis of the body
the axial skeleton
the bones of
the limbs and girdles
appendicular skeleton
parts of the skeletal system
joints, cartilages,ligaments and bone
FUNCTIONS OF THE BONES
Support the body
Protect soft organs
Allow movement
Store minerals and fat
Blood cell formation
dense and looks smooth and
homogenous
Compact bone:
composed of small needlelike
pieces of bone and lots of open space
Spongy bone
typically longer than they are wide
✓ have a shaft with heads at both end
✓ mostly compact bone
long bones
generally cube-shaped & contain mostly
spongy bone
short bones
special type of short
bone that form within tendons— best
known example is the patella
sesamoid bones
thin, flattened and usually curved
two thin layers of compact bone
sandwiching a layer of spongy bone
between them
Flat bones
bones that do not fit one of the
preceding categories
Irregular bones
a glassy hyaline
cartilage that covers the epiphysis’
external surface— provides a smooth,
slippery surface that decreases friction
at join surfaces
articular cartilage
thin line of bony tissue spanning
the epiphysis that looks a bit different
from the rest of the adult bones in that
epiphyseal line
storage for the adipose (fat)
yellow marrow
forms blood cells in infants
red marrow
forms blood cells in infants
red marrow
: makes up most of
the bone’s length and is composed of
compact bone
diaphysis or shaft
connective tissue fibers that secure the
periosteum to the underlying bone
perforating or Sharpey’s fibers
ends of the long bone that
consists of a thin layer of compact bone
enclosing an area filled with spongy
bone
epiphysis
mature bone cells
osteocytes
e: tiny cavities where osteocytes
can be found
lacunae
: Complex
consisting of a central canal and matrix
rings
osteon or Haversian system
: tiny canals that radiate
outward from the central canals to all
lacunae & form a transportation system
that connects all the bone cells to the
nutrient supply through the hard bone
matrix
canaliculi
completes the communication pathway
from the outside of the bone to its
interior (and the central canals); run
into the compact bone at right angles to
the shaft
perforating (Volkmann’s) canals
