skas Flashcards
In Plato’s Euthyphro, briefly describe the setting of the dialogue in terms of what Socrates and Euthyphro are each doing. What is Euthyphro’s first answer to the question: “What is piety (the pious)?”and how does Socrates criticize it? (esp. 5d-6e)
court socrates indictment eu father
to make things right
confident to bring father to trial
. Explain (in your own words) Euthyphro’s second answer to the question about piety (or “the pious”) at 6e. Socrates makes one (less important) criticism from 7b-8b. Briefly explain it. Discuss in more detail his more important criticism at 10a-11b. (More difficult)
He calls Socrates hypocritical if he believes that Zues is the most just of the gods, because Zues acted the same way in a similar situation.
He criticizes Euthyphro on where his basis of truth lies.
Socrates more important criticism was that the gods can’t agree on piety since they are indifferent. He also criticizes that if to be pious means to be god-loved than it is contradictor. Is x pious because the god’s love it, or do the gods love x because its pious.
In Plato’s Euthyphro, at 12d Socrates suggests a new tack, trying to identify the pious by its relation to justice (the just). What do they decide this relation is, and what definition of piety does Euthyphro offer based on this approach? What fault does Socrates find with this definition?
efine piety by figuring out what part of justice defines it. They decide that the relation is the part that cares about the approval of the gods, and not the approval of men.
he justice concerned of the approval of men would be a different justice than the justice that is pious.
Socrate finds fault in defining care. If pious was to care about the approval of the gods, then that would mean it would benefit the gods and make them better, just like caring for anything else would enhance it.
- How is the Apology divided (i.e., what are its main parts)? Explain the different charges that Socrates addresses in his speech. There are two sets/pairs of charges (four individual charges): why? List each of the charges. Which set does Socrates think will be responsible for his conviction, if he is judged to be guilty?
Main Speech/ Dialogue
2. Sentencing
3 Final Words
Old charges (prejudices) include: 1. Studying sky, other earthly things. 2. Making the worst argument the stronger.
New charges (official) include: 1. Corrupting the youth by teaching them to make the worse argument into the strongest.
Socrates thinks he is being charged for corrupting the youth.
- In the Apology, explain Socrates’ recounting of the Delphic oracle’s message. Why does he recount this story at all (i.e., what purpose does it serve)? How does Socrates interpret the oracle’s message? How does he arrive at this conclusion (i.e., what is his “method”)?
The Delphi Socrates friend that no one was wiser than Socrates. he jury of where his human wisdom comes from.
To figure out what the Delphi meant by Socrates being the wisest, he went to the politicians, poet, and craftsman, and in all of them he found fault because they thought they were wiser than they really were. Socrates is wise because he knows that he doesn’t know.
- In the Apology, why does Socrates say that he does not fear death (i.e.,whatarehisreasons)? What is more important to Socrates than worrying about death?
Socrates does not fear death because it is of the unknown, no one knows if it is good or bad. He is more concerned about his life and if what he is doing while he is alive is just. Assuming you know something you do not know is foolish.
. In Republic I, what is Cephalus’ definition of justice? How does Polymarchus clarify that definition? How does Socrates challenge the definition?
peak truth and pay one’s debts.
just to give to each what is owed.
bad man loan weapons
In Republic I, what is Thrasymachus’ definition of justice? How does Socrates challenge this definition, and how does Thrasymachus modify his definition in response?
Justice is the advantage of the stronger. He defends his argument in two separate ways. He says that justice is the advantage of the established rule.
incorrect laws
ruler decides what is besy
. In Republic I, what does Socrates say is the primary interest of any art and its practitioner (e.g., the physician and medicine)? How does this relate to rulers and ruling?
good for patient not own advantage
s beneficial and good for themselves personally, but was is beneficial to their subjects. No case immediately benefits themselves.
