Sjok 2 Social psykologi Flashcards
Vilka delar finns i det reflexiva jaget?
The social actor
The motivated agent
The autobiografical author
what is self as a social actor?
The social actor developes at around 18 months and is the sense of self in physical space that interacts with the world. its the view of ourselves as a collections of roles and traits that we interact with other through
What is the self as a motivated agent?
the self as a motivated agent starts developing at around 4 years with the theory of mind and is the self as an intentional force that strives to achieve goals and values
(internal motivation kinda)
What is the self as a autobiografical author?
From early adulthood a third perspective emerges that through selective reconstruction of the past atempts to provied temporal continutiy for the self. a story if you will about how I became me and how i will become future me.
What is Self-efficacy?
Your own belifes about your ability to effectivily preform to attain a goal
In what way is self efficacy measured?
self reporting measures are used, like questionairs / survayes
We measure two different types of self-efficacy. what are they and what way is better?
We divide it into general self-efficacy that can apply to any situation and task-specific self-efficacy that is bound to a specific goal/task. Task-specific is better att predicting behaviour
What affects self-efficacy?
Performance experience
Vicarious preformance
Verbal persuasion
Imaginal performance
Affective states @ physical sensation
how does self-efficacy affect results?
High self-efficacy is related to higher results. one major reason is that people with higher self-efficacy experience higher control of the situation and therefore have better self-regulation.
(its easy to study if you “know” it will pay of and work)
What is group efficacy?
Like self-efficacy groups also benifit from a shared belife that they can succsed
What is Social cognition?
how people think about the social world
What is a schema and why do we use them?
A mental schematic, could be of anything but an example could be person schemas for individuals, self schemas for ourselves or event schemas or scripts for recurring events. We use them to ease the cognitive workload needed.
What is an Heuristic
mental shortcut or “Rule of thumb” we can follow to make quick decisions and ease cognitive workload
Name two heuristics and what they how they are used
Representativeness heuristics - Objects belong to a group if they are similar to that groups average
Availability heuristic - the odds of something happening is based on how easy it comes to mind
What is “thin-slice judgements” ?
A quick predictions about others with little data that is supprisingly accurate
What is the “planning fallacy” ?
A cognative bias that underestimates the amount of time a task will take to compleat
What is affective forcasting and what bias do we hold?
Predictions about how we will feel in the future.
we have 2 bias:
Impact bias, overestimate the strength of emotions.
Durability bias. we overestimate the durations the emotions will affect us (stronger for negative emotions)
What is hot cognition?
When our cognition is affected by emotions
What is an directional goal and what type of hot cognitions is commonly associated with them?
A directional goal is where you are motivated to find a particular outcome and its closely associated with motivated scepticism where we are sceptical to evidence against our directional goal
What is need for closure and in what scenario would be usually encounter it?
the desier to resolve ambiguity. its offten encountered when there is a time constraint and the need for closure is stronger.
What is an example of a pro social automatic processe
The chameleon effect where we mimic the posture, manners and behaviours of our interactions partners
What is an Attitude?
psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor
What is a stereotype?
our general beliefs of traits and behaviours about a group of people
What is the difference between explicit and implicit attitudes and how are they measured
Explicit attitudes are known to the holder and are measured through surveys. implicit attitudes are unknown to the holder and can be measured by implicit measures of attitudes that look att difference in reactions speed to potentialy reveal unknown biases.
