sjӧgren’s syndrome Flashcards
define Sjӧgren’s Syndrome
An autoimmune condition affecting the exocrine glands, notably the lacrimal and salivary glands.
what is Sjogren’s syndrome caused by
caused by lymphocyte-mediated destruction of the minor salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to atrophy and fibrosis.
what antibodies are present in Sjogren’s syndrome
Anti-SS-A (anti-Ro)
Anti-SS-B (anti-La)
how to classify sjogrens syndrome
- Primary – Develops in isolation
- Secondary – Develops in the background of other autoimmune diseases.
what are some diseases that may feature in secondary sjogrens
- SLE
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Systemic sclerosis
- Poly-dermatomyositis
- Non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases.
signs and symptoms of sjogrens
Dry eyes
Superimposed bacterial conjunctivitis
Dry mouth
Dental caries
Oral candidiasis
Intermittent parotid gland swelling
Vaginal dryness
Reduced GI mucus secretion
Systemic upset
Arthritis
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Cutaneous vasculitis .
risk factors for sjogrens
- female
- family history
- 40-50
5 investigations for sjogrens
- blood tests
- Schirmer’s Test
- Rose Bengal staining of the cornea
- Salivary flow rate monitoring
- Salivary gland biopsy
what do blood tests for sjogrens show
- Markers of inflammation raised
- RF positive in 90% of cases
- May be ANA positive
- Anti SS-A and anti SS-B may be positive
what does schirmers test show
demonstrates reduced tear production by placing a strip of filter paper on the lower eyelid and measuring its wetting.
what does Rose Bengal staining of the cornea show
demonstrates keratitis from conjunctivitis sicca.
what does salivary flow rate monitoring show
xerostomia.
what does salivary gland biopsy show
histology for diagnosis.
how to treat sjogrens syndrome
by managing the symptoms
how to treat dry eyes
artifical tears
