Sizes and organization of genomes

Question 1

Genomes help us to understand ourselves as individuals and our relationships with all other organisms that exist in life. To make progress, we must integrate several data streams. List these

Answer 1

> genome sequences
RNA and protein expression patterns
the spatial organization of individual macromolecules, their complexes, organelles, entire cells, tissues, and bodies
regulatory networks, internal structure, and logic of adaptive control systems

Question 2

Describe S.E. Luria’s suggestion and the complementary idea that we combine it with

Answer 2

To determine common features of life one should not try to survey everything, but, rather, identify the organism most different from us and see what we have in common with it. The complementary idea is: to take closely related organisms and identify the difference. This implies two types of questions:
> How do the human genome and the E.coli genome express our common heritage?
> How do genomes that are over 96% identical create the differences between humans and chimpanzees?

Question 3

What is the C-value

Answer 3

The term C-value has been used to refer to the amount of DNA in a haploid cell, that is, a gamete. The letter C refers to the constancy of the amount of DNA per cell in a species.

Question 4

What is the correlation between the complexity of an organism and the amount of DNA per cell

Answer 4

Prokaryotes have less DNA per cell than eukaryotes and within eukaryotes, yeast has less than mammals.

Question 5

There are some deviations in the previous questions observation. List some

Answer 5

However, although humans have more DNA per cell than many organisms, including C.elegans and D.Melanogaster, many organisms have even greater amounts of DNA per cell. > the genome of Amoeba dubia is 200 times larger than the human genome
> the genome of the marbled lungfish (a closer relative) is 43 times as larger as ours.
> the clivia genome is 6 times as larger than humans

Question 6

Why are there different amounts of DNA

Answer 6

Most of the human genome does not encode protein or RNA. Regions of DNA without known function are often called junk DNA.