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DevOPs - Linkedin > Six Sigma - Linked in > Flashcards

Six Sigma - Linked in Flashcards

1
Q

What does Y=f(x) mean?

A

Y is a function of x

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2
Q

Who are the Six Sigma Executives

A

CEO
Direct reports (COO, CFO, CIO)
Senior management

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3
Q

Roles of Executives and senior management

A

Deploy six sigma projects
Establish project selection criteria
Review and select projects
Assign project champions
Review updates

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4
Q

Project Champion

A

Person tasked with ensuring project success

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5
Q

The correct progression of expertise is _____.

A

white, yellow, green and black belt

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6
Q

The term Six Sigma refers to all of the following, except _____.

A

variation

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7
Q

DMAIC are the five phases of a Six Sigma project _____.

A

to determine and address the key X factors to improve Y in Y=f(x)

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8
Q

The _____ approves the project charter

A

project champion

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9
Q

What is VoC - Voice of Customer?

A
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10
Q

What are CTQs - Critical to Quality requirements?

A

The performance characteristics of a process, product, or service critically important to the customers

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11
Q

How many Standard deviations are in 99.7% of the variation for normal curve?

A

3

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12
Q

How many Standard deviations are in 95% of the variation for normal curve?

A

2

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13
Q

How many Standard deviations are in 68.2% of the variation for normal curve?

A

1

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14
Q

What are defect opportunities?

A

The number of possibilities that can go wrong in a product.

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15
Q

What is Defects per opportunity (DPO)?

A

(Number of defects / (Number of opportunities x units )

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16
Q

How to convert DPO to DPMO (Defects per Million Opportunity?

A

x 100,000

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17
Q

What are values of each sigma level?

A

Sigma
Level DPMO % Good
1 690,000 31
2 308,537 69.1463
3 66,807 93.3193
4 6,210 99.379
5 233 99.9767
6 3 99.99966

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18
Q

What is a Sigma level?

A

A performance metric used to indicate the quality level of a product, process, or service (higher the better

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19
Q

What level do most products / services operate between?

A

3 & 4

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20
Q

CTQs are the performance characteristics of a process, product or service that are critically important to _____.

A

customers

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20
Q

How many times better is 4 sigma than 3 sigma?

A

10 times order of magnitude in a reduction of defects

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20
Q

How many times better is 3 sigma than 2 sigma?

A

5 times order of magnitude in a reduction of defects

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21
Q

For a process whose distribution follows the Normal curve, _____

A

99.7% of the variation lies within 3 standard deviations of the mean

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22
Q

How do you calculate Defects Per Million Opportunities or DPMO?

A

Take the total number of defects divided by the total number of opportunities, multiplied by one million.

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23
Q

A six sigma level of performance means there is no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.

A

True

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24
Q

Projects should address a deficiency or improvement opportunity that is any of the following, except _____.

A

generic and widely applicable

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25
Q

When selecting Six Sigma project team members, your primary goal should be to select _____.

A

the best people for that project

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26
Q

How should a problem be defined?

A

S - Specific
M - Measurable
A - Attainable
R - Relevant
T - Time bound

27
Q

What does a project charter include?

A

Purpose
Goals
Scope of Work
Assignment of resources
Expected benefits
Project scope
Milestones
signatures (project leader, Finance, champion)

28
Q

What is a SIPOC diagram?

A

Supplier
Input
Process
Output
Customer

29
Q

Which order do you produce a SIPOC diagram

A

Process
Supplier
Input
Outputs
Customer

30
Q

Key elements of the project charter include all of the following, except _____.

A

strategic vision

31
Q

The P in SIPOC stands for _____.

32
Q

Steps in the Define phase include all of the following, except _____.

A

developing solutions

33
Q

The goal statement should not be _____.

34
Q

What is another name for discrete data?

A

Categorical data

35
Q

What graphs / charts used for continuous data?

A

Histograms
Dotplots
Boxplots

36
Q

What graphs / charts used for discrete data?

37
Q

Steps in the Measure phase include all of the following, except _____.

A

measuring the X

38
Q

When planning for data collection, you should start by _____.

A

developing a list of specific questions

39
Q

When mapping the process, you should _____.

A

document the process flow

40
Q

The measurement system should be _____.

A

repeatable and reproducible

41
Q

All of the following are graphs and charts for continuous data, except _____.

A

Pareto charts

42
Q

The higher the process capability, the higher the sigma level.

43
Q

Hypothesis testing is used to _____.

A

prove the key Xs

44
Q

Right after brainstorming, the number of proven causes on a cause-effect diagram is/are _____.

A

After brainstorming, there will be several potential causes, however it is important to remember that at this point they are only theories. You need to carry out hypothesis testing to prove or disprove them.

45
Q

A process with more variation has a longer boxplot.

46
Q

When planning for data collection in the Analyze phase, you should ask all of the following questions, except _____.

A

What theory or hypothesis should be proposed?

47
Q

When analyzing a process map, you should do all of the following, except _____.

A

identify valuable steps

48
Q

Steps in the Analyze phase include all of the following, except _____.

A

measure the Y in Y=f(x)

49
Q

What are the two types of (FMEA) Failure Modes and effect Analysis?

A

Design - Reduces risk of failure related to product or service design
Process - Reduces potential failures in a process

50
Q

What is the severity score?

A

What is the effect?
How is it scored (1-10)?

51
Q

What is the occurrence score?

A

What are potential causes?
How likely is the occurrence of potential causes (1-10)?

52
Q

What is the detection score?

A

What process controls are in place to detect cause or failure mode?
What is the likelihood of detection (1-10)?

53
Q

What is the Risk Priority Number (RPN)?

A

Severity x Occurrence x detection

54
Q

What are the 3 levels of mistake-proofing levels?

A
  1. Prevention
  2. Facilitation
  3. Detection
55
Q

A pilot is a dry run or trial run on a small scale to make sure that improvements will work as planned.

56
Q

A tool for selecting solutions is _____.

A

criteria selection matrix

57
Q

Steps in the Improve phase include all of the following, except _____.

A

prove the root causes

58
Q

The levels of mistake-proofing are all of the following, except _____.

A

inspection

59
Q

RPN or Risk Priority Number is the product of all three of the following scores, except _____.

60
Q

What are the 5 steps in a control phase?

A
  1. Develop plan
  2. Work with owners to update procedures
  3. Implement and monitor performance.
  4. Validate financial impact
  5. Secure project sign off
61
Q

What is a SPC chart?

A

Statistical Process Control
Looks at variation to spot when to leave a process and when to intervene and take action.

62
Q

What type os SPC charts are there?

A

Continuous measurements
Defects counts

63
Q

What should be included in a control plan?

A
  1. What needs to be controlled?
  2. Specification, target, or desired range
  3. How feedback is provided?
  4. When and what action to take?
  5. Who is authorised to monitor and take action?
64
Q

Steps in the Control phase include all of the following, except _____

A

develop an improvement plan

65
Q

Control plans tell you all of the following, except _____.

A

what to improve

66
Q

SPC charts signal when to intervene and when to leave the process alone.

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