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Lean Six Sigma > Six Sigma Basics > Flashcards

Six Sigma Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What does DMAIC stand for?

A

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control

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2
Q

What are the two primary areas of focus in Six Sigma, and their methodologies?

A

Find and Fix (DMAIC) and Prevention (Design for Six Sigma - DFSS)

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3
Q

What is KPI?

A

Key Performance Indicator

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4
Q

What is meant by Kaizen?

A

Sustained continuous improvement (CI)

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5
Q

What are the 8 classic forms of waste? (TIMPWOOD)

A

Transportation, Inventory, Motion, People (underutilization) Waiting, Over processing, Over production, Defects

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6
Q

What is the 9th form of waste and some examples?

A

Environmental - use of excess energy, excess material in landfills.

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7
Q

What is DPMO

A

Defects Per Million Opportunities

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8
Q

What is Sigma Level 6?

A

3.4 DPMO

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9
Q

What is another term for metric?

A

KPI - Key Performance Indicator

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10
Q

What are two type of DMAIC projects and what do they satisfy?

A

External - satisfies the VOC - voice of the customer. Internal or Regulatory - satisfies the VOB - voice of the business.

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11
Q

What are the 4 key questions addressed in the problem statement?

A

What, when, extent and impact of problem.

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12
Q

What are 2 examples of quantitative benefits?

A

Hard savings and cost avoidance

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13
Q

What are 3 examples of qualitative benefits

A

Customer satisfaction, employee morale, risk mitigation

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14
Q

What is Rolling Wave Planning?

A

Planning the next phases near the end of the current DMAIC phase.

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15
Q

In a Value Stream Map, how is time depicted at the bottom?

A

Non-Value Added time over Value Added time.

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16
Q

What is a Product Matrix used for?

A

To identify Product/Service families.

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17
Q

What is Takt time?

A

The amount of time between 2 unit completions to meet demand.

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18
Q

What is the Takt time equation?

A

Net Available Time (NAT) divided by the customer demand time (ie, 30 units per day)

19
Q

How is lead time calculated?

A

Wait time + process time.

20
Q

What can Process time be broken down into?

A

Value Added time and Non-Value Added time.

21
Q

What is meant by weighted average?

A

Calculating the average process time when two process times vary.

22
Q

What does SIPOC stand for and what is it?

A

Suppliers, Input, Process, Output and Customer

It identifies the high level process and any disconnects between the supplier and customer.

23
Q

What is PCE and what is the formula?

A

Process Cycle Efficiency.

Total Value Added time divided by Total time.

24
Q

What are Kaizen bursts used for?

A

To highlight specific improvement opportunities in a process.

25
Q

What is Nominal process time?

A

The average process time spent per unit.

26
Q

What is Effective process time comprised of?

A

Nominal process time + detractors

27
Q

What are examples of detractors?

A

Downtime, rework, scrap and setup.

28
Q

What are 2 types of Capacity?

A

Nominal and Effective.

29
Q

What is the difference between nominal and effective capacity?

A

Effective capacity includes the detractors.

30
Q

How are needed resources calculated?

A

Total process time divided by the Takt time.

31
Q

What are 2 types of demand leveling?

A

Volume and Mix

32
Q

Define Volume and Mix Leveling.

A

Volume is the scheduling of overall process across a longer time period.

Mix is distributing work across multiple tasks/order types by operator.

33
Q

What is the Pitch Interval?

A

Time between performance reviews to assess performance.

34
Q

What is a water spider?

A

A person who monitors flow and redirects work to maintain efficiency.

35
Q

What are two common metrics to measure current state?

A

Yield and PPM defective.

36
Q

What is a Three Part Estimate comprised of?

A

A target, upper specification limit (usl) and lower specification limit (lsl).

37
Q

What are two ways to reduce defects?

A

Reducing standard deviation or shifting the mean closer to the target.

38
Q

How do you determine the DPMO?

A

Divide the defects by the total opportunities, multiply by 1m.

39
Q

What is Rolled Yield?

A

The possibility of passing through multiple steps defect free.

40
Q

What is a check sheet?

A

A tool to record defect count data.

41
Q

What are two recommendations when building a check sheet?

A

Keep categories to a minimum and use modifier nouns.

42
Q

What is the Pareto Principle also known as?

A

The 80/20 rule.

43
Q

What is the Big Three of Survey Instrument Design? (3 Ws)

A

Who is the group and/or subgroups?
What are we trying to learn from this survey?
Why are we doing this survey? (What will we do with the results?)

Lean Six Sigma (1 decks)

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