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Dermatology > Six Derm topics in sixty minutes > Flashcards

Six Derm topics in sixty minutes Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Topics included in 6-lectures in 60minutes of derm

A
  1. tropical and travel dermatology
  2. urticaria (hives)
  3. pyoderma gangrenosum
  4. black and ethnic skin
  5. mycosis fungoides (cutaneous t-cell lymphoma)
  6. drug rashes
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2
Q

Topics under tropical and travel dermatology

A
  1. bot fly miasis
  2. cutanea larva migrans
  3. leishmaniasis
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3
Q

Etiology of bot fly miasis

A
  • dermatobia hominis
  • central and south america
  • female bot flu uses mosquitoes to transmit eggs
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4
Q

Presentation of bot fly miasis

A
  • tender red nodule with 2-3mm opening
  • scalp, face and upper body
  • enlarges, drains, more painful, necrotic
  • 1 to 1.5cm soft white larvae with spicules
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5
Q

Etiology of Leishmaniasis

A

Parasite, many leshmaniasis species

  • transmitted by sandflies
  • can be cutaneous, mucocutaneous, systemic
  • in the old world, was common in europe, asia and africa
  • new world, common in americas = l. mexicana, l. brazilensis, l. peruviana
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6
Q

Presentation and treatment of leishmaniasis

A
  • asymptomatic, red-violaceous ulcer with raised edges

- tx –> complicated in US –> CDC typing

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7
Q

Etiology of cutanea larva migrans

A
  • creeping eruption
  • ancyclostomia braziliense hookworm
  • beach, sandy soils, sandbox, children
  • hookworm eggs passed from anima feces
  • larvae penetrate skin
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8
Q

presentation of cutanea larva migrans

A
  • red winding serpigenous tract

- 2 to 4 weeks after returning from a beach vacation

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9
Q

Appearance cutaneau larva migrans

A

Serpiginous lesion usually on the feet

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10
Q

Characteristics of Urticaria

A

Can be acute or chronic

- triggered by foods, medications or other allergens

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11
Q

Appearance of urticaria

A

pruritic, red-pink, polycyclic wheals

  • coalesce, migrate, recur
  • variations: physical, cold, solar, cholinergic
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12
Q

Urticaria associated with:

A

Thyroid disease, viral infections, occult abscess

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13
Q

Urticaria Pigmentosa

A

.

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14
Q

Characteristics of Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy

A

Appear on the belly

- look like stretch marks

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15
Q

Characteristics of Pyoderma gangrenosum

A
  • inflammatory skin disease, results in ulceration, necrosis
  • starts with mild trauma, rapidly expands
  • ulcer with undermined border; neutrophilic inflammatory pattern; pathergic response
  • Assoc. with inflammatory bowel disease (30%)
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16
Q

Appearance of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

lesions are multiple, ulcerations, necrotic, on the legs, very painful
- can ulcer straight to the bone

17
Q

Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Immunosuppression (steroids, cyclosporine, infliximab)

18
Q

Diagnosis of Pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Often misdiagnosed as an infection, vasculitis, sweet’s syndrome –> often expensive with surgical debridement

19
Q

How are appearances on ethnic skin different?

A

Varying clinical appearances, same diseases

  • epidemiology is different in different races and ethnicity
  • skin types 1-6
20
Q

Skin color and pigmentation changes in black skin color

A 
Epidermis is thicker
More melanin in cells at BM
Hair follicles at acute angle
Larger and more number of melanosomes 
Same number of melanocytes
21
Q

Black or ethnic skin problems

A 
Keloids
Pomade acne
Skin cancers
Traction alopecia
Sarcoidosis - look like anything
Lung involvement
22
Q

Skin Cancer types in ethnic skin

A 
Melanoma
- 10 times greater in whites
- more common in acral sites, looks really dark
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- uncommon in African-Am.
- similar distribution to whites
- most likely pigmented BCC type 
- looks pearly
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Most common skin cancer in black skin
23
Q

Mycosis Fungoides (CTCL)

A
  • variant of CTC lymphoma
  • systemic lymphoma, presents in the skin
  • Sezary syndrome is the systemic erythroderma variant of CTCL, in which the entire body is warm, inflamed and exfoliative.
  • Many stages: MF, patch, plaque, tumor
24
Q

Appearance of Mycosis Fungoides

A
  • presents as thin, pink, scaly patches, over the trunk, resemble eczema and psoriasis.
  • Sometimes termed “parapsoriasis.”
  • Patch and plaque stage CTCL may show annular, round, oval, arcuate, serpiginous elevated plaques, which migrate and expand and ulcerate. Can also be nodules
  • appear anywhere and behind legs, face, back of head, ears
25
Q

List of drugs rashes

A
  • Urticarial
  • morbilliform
  • fixed drug eruption
  • acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
  • coumadin/warfarin necrosis
  • pigmentary drug rashes
  • erythema multiforme minor or major
  • toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • photo-toxic drug eruption
26
Q

Appearance of urticarial drug rash and morbilliform drug rash

A 
urticarial = polycyclic rings
morbilliform = small blotches all over body. Can be pruritic
27
Q

Appearance of fixed drug eruption

A

can look like small blisters, can scar, can look erythematous

28
Q

Locations of Photo-allergic/toxic/induced drug eruption

A

Areas exposed to the sun - face, hands, feet, above the lip

29
Q

Locations of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

A

Usually in folds of the skin like the neck

30
Q

Warfarin or coumadin necrosis appearance

A

looks like a big ecchymosis

black and blue

31
Q

Pigmentary drug eruptions appearance

A

usually above the lips, face and nails

32
Q

appearance of erytherma multiforme

A
  • circular red macules with central darker red lesions
  • hands and lips, can be on arms
  • can be big or small
  • can ulcerate a little
  • can also look like dark - blisters on the mouth
33
Q

Appearance of steven-johnson syndrome

A

SJS –> there is sheet like skin and mucosal loss

  • nearly always caused by medications
  • starts as high persistent fever, cough, sore throat, conjunctivitis
  • then rash spreads from body to face and limbs
  • rash is either macules, targets (like in erythema multiforme) or flaccid blisters
  • at least two mucosal surfaces are affected
34
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

Intense reddening of the skin that is preceded by or associated with exfoliation (exfoliative dermatitis)
Sezary syndrome is a systemic erythroderma variant of CTCL, in which the entire body is warm, inflamed and exfoliative.

35
Q

Characteristics of toxic epidermal necrolysis

A

can be wide pruritic macules or flat atypical targets
OR it can appear as large epidermal sheets and no pruritic macules
- healing without scarring

36
Q

Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Need to exclude this to diagnose SJS and TEN

  • Need to biopsy to diagnose
  • Sheets of skin peel off, large blisters/bullae appear
  • starts around eyes and mouth then spread to other areas of the body

Dermatology (8 decks)

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