Site Planning Flashcards
What city separated housing and industry with beltway?
Howard’s Garden city
Convex slope
Distance between contour lines increase toward the top of hill
Concave slope
The distance berween contour lines increase towards base of the hill
Ideal city of Le Corbusier
Chandigarh based on 4 major functions: living, working, care if body and spirit, circulation
Unfinished concrete and expose brick
Like Alton housing estate
Brasilia by lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer
Ideal city called Chaux by Ledoux
Determine roof gutter size
Size of roof area to be drained
Maximum recorded local railfall
Metes and bounds survey
Identify length and compass orientation if each property line
Setback is addressed by
Zoning code
Purpose of creating artificial flood plain?
To reclaim buildable land that was previously part of natural flood plain by leveesخاکریز and berms
Peat
مواد گیاهی به طور بخشی فاسد شده در باتلاقها و مردابها، یکی از اولین مراحل تشکیل زغال سنگ .
Five basic elements make one’s image of urban environment according to kevin lynch book image of the city
Path Edge District Node Landmark
Slope stake
A marker used to identify where cut or fills meet the original grade
Which parking layout allows for max quantity of stalls
90’
Five methods of improving soil bearing capacity
Fill: poor soil replace with appropriate soil
Compaction
Densification: use heavy pounding piles vibration or weight to compact and fill voids
Surcharging: adding fill to existing soil
Mixing: addition of sand or gravel to soil
Riparian rights
وابسته بکنار رودخانه،
Refer to water rights
Sheepsfoot
غلتک پاچه بزی
A tamping- roller with large teeth used to increase soil stability and bearing capacity used during compaction process
Ahwahnee principles
1991 in hotel architects presented how urban and suburban planning should follow certain fundamentals about community size, integration, transportation, open space, .. Also regional principles as well as guidelines for governing new growth
Hannover principles
For expo 2000 at world fair in hannover william mcdonough presented a living document called design fir sustainability.
Ft2 per car for parking and circulation
400 ft2
Standard parking stall dimension
8-9 ‘ * 18-20’
Min width if two way main aisle between 90 parking stalls
20’
Compact parking stall dimension
7-6” to 8’ wide 16’-18’ long
Min distance between driveway and intersection depending on speed and capacity of road
50’-200’
Accessible parking stall width
8’ with 5’ for an aisle
Van: 8’ with 8’ aisle
Min width of two way diveway
16’
Min angle of a road at an intersection
70
Min width of oneway driveway
10’
Urban plan form of Philadelphia
Gridiron street system
Incorporates public parks and open spaces as well as uniform spacing and setbacks
Equinox
Vernal: march 21
Autumnal: sep 22
Solstice
Summer solstice: june 21
Winter solstice: dec 22
Layout of central park by Law Olmstead 1857 example of which landsape design style
Picturesque
Characterized by wild ruggedness ناهمواری، پستی و بلندی
Asymetrical combinations of form and variet if texture
Min slope underground pipe
0.3%
Drain inlet
Allow stormwater to run directly into storm sewer
Catch basin
Has a sump گودال
Debris will settle
Manhole
Where sewer change direction
Every 500 ft (152m )
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of water not absorbed
Min slope of bldg sewer
0.5-2%
Min one way street
Min two way
12 ft
24 ft
Min from public intersection
150 ft
Cul de sac turn around radius
40ft
Slope from center of road(crown) to side
1/4” per ft or 20 mm per m
Gutter height in roads
6”
Sidewalk width beside parking
Min 6’
Max slope walk at bldgs
4%
Max slope disabled ramp
Min width
1 ft in 12 ft
3’
Handrail req on both side if rise is >
6’
Extend handrail…. Beyond top and bot of ramp
1’
Stairs
Handrail over….. Risers
Rise min… Max….
Tread …. For 6”
4
4-6”
14”
Ex stairs
Min … Max …. Risers between landing
3-10
Car stall
9 by 19
Disable access aisle width
Van accesible aisle width
Paved parking drainage slope min max
5’
8’
1.5-5% calculation 2-3
Albedo
Portion of radiant energy that is reflected as it falls on the surface
Grass, shrub, …., albedo of the site
Lower
Planting strip in parking area with trees min…. Wide
Min…. Grass or ground cover
7’
4’
Property is often described by
Lot number within a subdivision
Metes and bounds
Property description
Description starts at one point of property and describes length and direction of each line
Property line bearing
Refered to by number of degrees, minutes, seconds the line is located either east or west of north south line
One acre ….. Ft2
43560
One section
1 mile by 1 mile
….. Acre
640
1 hectare ….. M2
10000
Star shape city
Bastion….
Moat….
سنگر
خندق
Renaissance city
Plan combined symetrical order w radial layout
Christopher wren
Rebuild london after fire 1666
Haussman
Paris
London
Main avenue link major religious a commercial
Superimposed on a gridiron plan for the streets
Paris
Streight arterial شريانى boulevard connect principal historic bldg
Create Vista دورنما
Camille sitte
Curving irregular street
T intersection
Create civic space around pinwheel
Howard garden city
Best known result of reform movement
1898
6000 acte land privately owned by resident
Cite industrielle by Tony Garnier
1917
Separate zone for resid, public, industrial, ageiculture
Linked by separate circulation path for vehic and pedestrian
Bldg place on long narrow lots with ample open space between them
Zoning idea
Zoning idea
Philadelphia
Typical of early town
1682
Based on gridiron street system w regularly planed public openspace
Uniform spacing and setback pf bldgs
Savanah georgia
1733
Based on ward of 40 house lot bounded by major street in a grid system contained an interior square two side reserve for public use
Ordinance of 1785
Rectangular survey system of US
Country divided grid 24 mile square
16 township 6 mile on a side
Divided to 36 1 mile section
Pierre charles lenfant
Washington dc
Based on renaisanse and baroque diagonal and radial
Fredricj law olmsted
New york central park 1850
Columbian composition on chicago start ….. Movement
Daniel burnham, jahn root and olmsted
Group classical bldgs symetrically around formal court of honor reflectin pool and large promenade
Start city beautiful movement
Who planed for broadacre city
Wright
Every home situated on atleast one acre of land
City consist of office and housing towers surrounded by large green space
Le corbusier
Urban development patterns
Grid Star Field Satellite Megalopolis
Grid system
Philadelphia
Smaller cities
Field pattern
Development in an amorphous بي شكل
Network of highways and natural feature
Los angeles
Satellite pattern
Outer core connects with road system beltway
Houston
Five basic elements of urban image according to kevin lynch
Path District Landmark Edge Nodes
Planned Unit Development
PUD
Extension of super block Large piece of land have mix of use More efficient use of land Allow extra land to open space Variety of housing options Variety of urban living
Sociopetal
Sociofugal
Bring people together
Opposite
Defensible space
Oscar newman
CPTED
Crime prevention through environmental design
Original concept of neigborhood
Clarence perry 1929
Community center of neigborhood activity
District surrounded by major streets rather than intersected with them
Water table
Level underground in which soil is saturated with water
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of total precipitation not absorbed into ground
Layers of soil from top to bottom
Top soil. Mix of mineral abd organic
Mostly mineral
Fractured and weathered parent mat
Soil bedrock
Soil is classified according to
Grain size
Organic inorganic
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
> 2 mm
0.05< >2 mm
0.002< > 0.05 invisible
< 0.002
Silt is syable when
Dry or damp
Unstable when wet
Swell and heave when frozen
Clay…… When wet
Expands
Poor for foundation unless dry
Must be removed from site and replace with gravel and sand
Peat زغال سنگ كود گياهى
Roads
Local
Collector
Arterial
Expressway
Min of ….. Between curves in opposite direction
Min of ….. Between curves in same direction
100’
200’
Streets < …: grade
10%
Loading berth سكو dimensions
10-12’ wide
40’ tool
14’ h
Min turning radius 60
Sanitary sewers/storm sewers/water main located ….: the road
Electric/communication lines ….. The road
Gas lines
Underc
Adjacent
Under or next to it within a right of way
Lower latitutes …. Than higher latitute
Warmer
Not built on wetland or site within …. Of wetlands
Elevation lower than …. Above … Year flood plain
100’
5’. 100
Limit site disturbance to
…. Beyond bldg parametr
…. Beyond primary curbs and walk
….. Beyond constructed area with permeable surface
40’
5’
25’
Closed depression in earth from which water can escape only to soil
Infiltration basin
Amount of land that can be covered determined by
Floor area ratio
Set back
Floor area ratio
Ratio of gross floor areas to area of lot
Variance
Deviation from zoning regulation
Right of one party to use a portion of the land of another party in a particular way
Easement
Utility/access/support/joint
Legal right of one party or public to traverse land belonging to another
Right of way
Three way land is valued
Market
Income
Cost
Tax rate are based on
Mill levy
Assessed value* mill levy = yearly tax
Lcc
Lca
Life cycle cost
Evaluate economic perfo of material over service life
Life cycle assesment
Evaluate environmental impact from initial to disposal
General tax
Property tax
Special sales tax
Any tax imposed for general governmental purpose
Tax based on value if propert
Tax imposed for specific purpose or by a single purpose authority req makority vote of people in district
Test for bearing capacity
Borings حفارى
Test pit
Test pits
Visual inspection
Open pit limit on depth 10’
Soil test request by architect paid by owner not part of contract doc
Specific gravity used to determine void ratio
Determine compressibility of the soil
Drainage ….. % away at building
Ditch …..
Grassy slope max ….
Underground storage min …..
2%
2-10%
Max 25%
Min 0.3%
Gravel. Organic
Sand. Peat خاك نباتى
Silt. Well graded
Clay. Poorly graded
Cobble نخته سنگ
These values give compaction and compressibility values for cohesive soil
Liquid and plastic limits
Used to determine void ratio so compressibility of the soil
Specific gravity
Shear strength for cohesive soil is measured from this value
Unconfined compression
Soils are classified according to
Unified soil classification system
Bearing capacity are generally specified by…… Based on soil type
Building code
Foundations below groundwater line subjected to….
Hydrostatic pressure
If narrow long excavation is done for pioing or narrow footing and foundation walls
Trenching
Involves moving of soil prior to construction to approx level of final grades
Rough grading
6”-1’ of desired level
Vertical beams and horiz timber
Shoring method
Soldier beams and breast boards
Wide flange soldier beams 6-10’ interval
Excavation free
Raker
شمع نگهدارنده
Method to temp support existing foundation while they r being repaired
Underpinning
Land around bldg must be sloped min ….
1/4” per foot
Perforated drain tile should be laid around the footing at least …. Below floor slab to collect water
6”
Drain tile is set in a gravel setting bed and more gravel is placed above drain
French drain or subdrain
If hydrostatic pressure against wall is problem
Layer of gravel place next to wall
Or open-web matting ( geotextile mat) can be used
To relieve pressure against floor slab
Layer of large gravel place below slab
Concrete paving min …. Thick
Expansion joints every ….separated with a ….premolded joint fille
5”
20’
1/2”
Asphalt concrete paving include several types of …. Paving
Most common consist of …. And..,, … Thick
Bituminousقيرى
Asphalt cement and graded aggregates
2-3”
Row of tree with H height decrease wind velocity …% to distance of…
30-40% to 5H
Extensive green roof …..
Intensive
2-3” soil less than 6” deep
Thicker soil 36”-15’
Green roof parts
Growth medium Filter fabric Drainage Retention layer Insulation Root barrier Water proof Structure
Green roof over…. Roof area
Leed credit
50%
Green roof buildup min …to parapetجانپناه
2’
Not use insulation with….
Cfc or hcfc
Ozone deplet
Transparent insulation
Consist of relatively thick layer of polycarbonate honeycomb mat, acrylic foam or fiberglass sandwich betweel layer of glazing
Can not be used when view is desired
Stop heat transfer by convection if an …, is used instead of vaccum
Inert gas fill
Argon gas
Krypton
Glass translucent when reach certain temp
Thermochromic glass
Effective aperture
Combine variable of light transmittance and window to wall ratio
0.2-0.3 good daylighting
Leed : min glazing factor….% in ….% of all space iccupied
…. Space view to outside
2% in 75%
90%
Leed credit supply at least ….% energy use with onsite renewable energy systems 1 credit
…% 2credit
….% 3credit
5%
10%
20%
Ground source heat pump save…. Energy use for space heating and cooling ….. Water heating
…. Pipe required for every 12000 btu/h of heating or cooling capacity needed
20-50%
Ideal angle of pv on roof latitude ….
Pvs:
+_15
Crystalline
Polycrystalline
Thin film
Balance point temp
Outdoor temp when bldg transition from heat need to cool need
Effective aperture=…..*…..
Visible transmittance* window to wall ratio
Net metering
Requirement that a utility pay and charge equal rates regardless of which way elec flows. Thus excess elec generated with pv r wind can be sold back to utility
Shading coefficient
Ratio of solar heat gain through a glazing to the solarheat gain through an unshaded 1/8” thick clear double strength glass
Length of cul de sac = ….
diameter
Traffic signal >= …. Vehicle per hour
750
Rotated parking angle to east and west<=
40
Shopping center …. Ft2 parking for every 1000 ft2 tenant space
3000-4000
Car ramps<= … % slope
15%
Car ramp slope> …% min …. Up and down the slope have …. Slope
10%
8’
1/2 ramp slope
Parking area slope for drainage
1-5%
Sidewalk >= … Wide
Collector walkway >=
5’
6-10’
Clear floor space require for wheelchair
Min space req to turn a wc is a circle … Diameter
4’ dar 2.5’
5’
Walks should have gradient< ..%
With cross gradient < …%
5%
2%
Max length ramp …’ With landing ….’
30’
5’
Ramps needed for height >=
0.5”
Ramp slope<= ….
Prefered …
1/12
1/16
Handrail on each side of ramp if rise>=
Or run >
6”
72”
Accesible parking To bldg entrance
200’
…. First priority for utilities and the best place …. Of the street
Wastewater lines
Center
Power lines are located
Above ground
Water supply systems installed in either…. Pattern or….
Branch
Gridiron( central feeder or looper feeder)
Water main tube size.. In typical residential area
…. In high density street
6”
8”
Water meter and shut-off valves are located at ……
Users property line
Fire hydrant are …. ‘ apart in high density district and ….’ Apart in suburbs
150’
600’
Velocity of waste water …. Ft per second
2.5-10
Waste water conduit <= …. Length
4’
20’
Telephone trunk lines are generally placed in…. In…
Underground conduits in street right of way
Gas located within the ….. Usually in ….
The street right of way
In sidewalk area on both sides or in alleys or rear lot easement
Avoid building in flood plains below… Year flood elevation
100
Drainage pipes larger than 42” in diameter are made of …
Concrete
Water may travel ….’ Before reaching a collection point for storm sewer
… Slope
…. Ft per sec
1000’
0.3%
2-10’ per second
Landuse develipment pattern determined by…
Street systems
