Site Planning Flashcards
What city separated housing and industry with beltway?
Howard’s Garden city
Convex slope
Distance between contour lines increase toward the top of hill
Concave slope
The distance berween contour lines increase towards base of the hill
Ideal city of Le Corbusier
Chandigarh based on 4 major functions: living, working, care if body and spirit, circulation
Unfinished concrete and expose brick
Like Alton housing estate
Brasilia by lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer
Ideal city called Chaux by Ledoux
Determine roof gutter size
Size of roof area to be drained
Maximum recorded local railfall
Metes and bounds survey
Identify length and compass orientation if each property line
Setback is addressed by
Zoning code
Purpose of creating artificial flood plain?
To reclaim buildable land that was previously part of natural flood plain by leveesخاکریز and berms
Peat
مواد گیاهی به طور بخشی فاسد شده در باتلاقها و مردابها، یکی از اولین مراحل تشکیل زغال سنگ .
Five basic elements make one’s image of urban environment according to kevin lynch book image of the city
Path Edge District Node Landmark
Slope stake
A marker used to identify where cut or fills meet the original grade
Which parking layout allows for max quantity of stalls
90’
Five methods of improving soil bearing capacity
Fill: poor soil replace with appropriate soil
Compaction
Densification: use heavy pounding piles vibration or weight to compact and fill voids
Surcharging: adding fill to existing soil
Mixing: addition of sand or gravel to soil
Riparian rights
وابسته بکنار رودخانه،
Refer to water rights
Sheepsfoot
غلتک پاچه بزی
A tamping- roller with large teeth used to increase soil stability and bearing capacity used during compaction process
Ahwahnee principles
1991 in hotel architects presented how urban and suburban planning should follow certain fundamentals about community size, integration, transportation, open space, .. Also regional principles as well as guidelines for governing new growth
Hannover principles
For expo 2000 at world fair in hannover william mcdonough presented a living document called design fir sustainability.
Ft2 per car for parking and circulation
400 ft2
Standard parking stall dimension
8-9 ‘ * 18-20’
Min width if two way main aisle between 90 parking stalls
20’
Compact parking stall dimension
7-6” to 8’ wide 16’-18’ long
Min distance between driveway and intersection depending on speed and capacity of road
50’-200’
Accessible parking stall width
8’ with 5’ for an aisle
Van: 8’ with 8’ aisle
Min width of two way diveway
16’
Min angle of a road at an intersection
70
Min width of oneway driveway
10’
Urban plan form of Philadelphia
Gridiron street system
Incorporates public parks and open spaces as well as uniform spacing and setbacks
Equinox
Vernal: march 21
Autumnal: sep 22
Solstice
Summer solstice: june 21
Winter solstice: dec 22
Layout of central park by Law Olmstead 1857 example of which landsape design style
Picturesque
Characterized by wild ruggedness ناهمواری، پستی و بلندی
Asymetrical combinations of form and variet if texture
Min slope underground pipe
0.3%
Drain inlet
Allow stormwater to run directly into storm sewer
Catch basin
Has a sump گودال
Debris will settle
Manhole
Where sewer change direction
Every 500 ft (152m )
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of water not absorbed
Min slope of bldg sewer
0.5-2%
Min one way street
Min two way
12 ft
24 ft
Min from public intersection
150 ft
Cul de sac turn around radius
40ft
Slope from center of road(crown) to side
1/4” per ft or 20 mm per m
Gutter height in roads
6”
Sidewalk width beside parking
Min 6’
Max slope walk at bldgs
4%
Max slope disabled ramp
Min width
1 ft in 12 ft
3’
Handrail req on both side if rise is >
6’
Extend handrail…. Beyond top and bot of ramp
1’
Stairs
Handrail over….. Risers
Rise min… Max….
Tread …. For 6”
4
4-6”
14”
Ex stairs
Min … Max …. Risers between landing
3-10
Car stall
9 by 19
Disable access aisle width
Van accesible aisle width
Paved parking drainage slope min max
5’
8’
1.5-5% calculation 2-3
Albedo
Portion of radiant energy that is reflected as it falls on the surface
Grass, shrub, …., albedo of the site
Lower
Planting strip in parking area with trees min…. Wide
Min…. Grass or ground cover
7’
4’
Property is often described by
Lot number within a subdivision
Metes and bounds
Property description
Description starts at one point of property and describes length and direction of each line
Property line bearing
Refered to by number of degrees, minutes, seconds the line is located either east or west of north south line
One acre ….. Ft2
43560
One section
1 mile by 1 mile
….. Acre
640
1 hectare ….. M2
10000
Star shape city
Bastion….
Moat….
سنگر
خندق
Renaissance city
Plan combined symetrical order w radial layout
Christopher wren
Rebuild london after fire 1666
Haussman
Paris
London
Main avenue link major religious a commercial
Superimposed on a gridiron plan for the streets
Paris
Streight arterial شريانى boulevard connect principal historic bldg
Create Vista دورنما
Camille sitte
Curving irregular street
T intersection
Create civic space around pinwheel
Howard garden city
Best known result of reform movement
1898
6000 acte land privately owned by resident
Cite industrielle by Tony Garnier
1917
Separate zone for resid, public, industrial, ageiculture
Linked by separate circulation path for vehic and pedestrian
Bldg place on long narrow lots with ample open space between them
Zoning idea
Zoning idea
Philadelphia
Typical of early town
1682
Based on gridiron street system w regularly planed public openspace
Uniform spacing and setback pf bldgs
Savanah georgia
1733
Based on ward of 40 house lot bounded by major street in a grid system contained an interior square two side reserve for public use
Ordinance of 1785
Rectangular survey system of US
Country divided grid 24 mile square
16 township 6 mile on a side
Divided to 36 1 mile section
Pierre charles lenfant
Washington dc
Based on renaisanse and baroque diagonal and radial
Fredricj law olmsted
New york central park 1850
Columbian composition on chicago start ….. Movement
Daniel burnham, jahn root and olmsted
Group classical bldgs symetrically around formal court of honor reflectin pool and large promenade
Start city beautiful movement
Who planed for broadacre city
Wright
Every home situated on atleast one acre of land
City consist of office and housing towers surrounded by large green space
Le corbusier
Urban development patterns
Grid Star Field Satellite Megalopolis
Grid system
Philadelphia
Smaller cities
Field pattern
Development in an amorphous بي شكل
Network of highways and natural feature
Los angeles
Satellite pattern
Outer core connects with road system beltway
Houston
Five basic elements of urban image according to kevin lynch
Path District Landmark Edge Nodes
Planned Unit Development
PUD
Extension of super block Large piece of land have mix of use More efficient use of land Allow extra land to open space Variety of housing options Variety of urban living
Sociopetal
Sociofugal
Bring people together
Opposite
Defensible space
Oscar newman
CPTED
Crime prevention through environmental design
Original concept of neigborhood
Clarence perry 1929
Community center of neigborhood activity
District surrounded by major streets rather than intersected with them
Water table
Level underground in which soil is saturated with water
Runoff coefficient
Fraction of total precipitation not absorbed into ground
Layers of soil from top to bottom
Top soil. Mix of mineral abd organic
Mostly mineral
Fractured and weathered parent mat
Soil bedrock
Soil is classified according to
Grain size
Organic inorganic
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
> 2 mm
0.05< >2 mm
0.002< > 0.05 invisible
< 0.002
Silt is syable when
Dry or damp
Unstable when wet
Swell and heave when frozen
Clay…… When wet
Expands
Poor for foundation unless dry
Must be removed from site and replace with gravel and sand
Peat زغال سنگ كود گياهى
Roads
Local
Collector
Arterial
Expressway
Min of ….. Between curves in opposite direction
Min of ….. Between curves in same direction
100’
200’
Streets < …: grade
10%
Loading berth سكو dimensions
10-12’ wide
40’ tool
14’ h
Min turning radius 60
Sanitary sewers/storm sewers/water main located ….: the road
Electric/communication lines ….. The road
Gas lines
Underc
Adjacent
Under or next to it within a right of way
Lower latitutes …. Than higher latitute
Warmer
Not built on wetland or site within …. Of wetlands
Elevation lower than …. Above … Year flood plain
100’
5’. 100
Limit site disturbance to
…. Beyond bldg parametr
…. Beyond primary curbs and walk
….. Beyond constructed area with permeable surface
40’
5’
25’
Closed depression in earth from which water can escape only to soil
Infiltration basin
Amount of land that can be covered determined by
Floor area ratio
Set back
Floor area ratio
Ratio of gross floor areas to area of lot
Variance
Deviation from zoning regulation
Right of one party to use a portion of the land of another party in a particular way
Easement
Utility/access/support/joint
Legal right of one party or public to traverse land belonging to another
Right of way
Three way land is valued
Market
Income
Cost
Tax rate are based on
Mill levy
Assessed value* mill levy = yearly tax
Lcc
Lca
Life cycle cost
Evaluate economic perfo of material over service life
Life cycle assesment
Evaluate environmental impact from initial to disposal
General tax
Property tax
Special sales tax
Any tax imposed for general governmental purpose
Tax based on value if propert
Tax imposed for specific purpose or by a single purpose authority req makority vote of people in district
Test for bearing capacity
Borings حفارى
Test pit
Test pits
Visual inspection
Open pit limit on depth 10’
Soil test request by architect paid by owner not part of contract doc
Specific gravity used to determine void ratio
Determine compressibility of the soil
Drainage ….. % away at building
Ditch …..
Grassy slope max ….
Underground storage min …..
2%
2-10%
Max 25%
Min 0.3%
Gravel. Organic
Sand. Peat خاك نباتى
Silt. Well graded
Clay. Poorly graded
Cobble نخته سنگ
These values give compaction and compressibility values for cohesive soil
Liquid and plastic limits
Used to determine void ratio so compressibility of the soil
Specific gravity
Shear strength for cohesive soil is measured from this value
Unconfined compression
Soils are classified according to
Unified soil classification system
Bearing capacity are generally specified by…… Based on soil type
Building code
Foundations below groundwater line subjected to….
Hydrostatic pressure
If narrow long excavation is done for pioing or narrow footing and foundation walls
Trenching
Involves moving of soil prior to construction to approx level of final grades
Rough grading
6”-1’ of desired level
Vertical beams and horiz timber
Shoring method
Soldier beams and breast boards
Wide flange soldier beams 6-10’ interval
Excavation free
Raker
شمع نگهدارنده
Method to temp support existing foundation while they r being repaired
Underpinning
Land around bldg must be sloped min ….
1/4” per foot
Perforated drain tile should be laid around the footing at least …. Below floor slab to collect water
6”
Drain tile is set in a gravel setting bed and more gravel is placed above drain
French drain or subdrain
If hydrostatic pressure against wall is problem
Layer of gravel place next to wall
Or open-web matting ( geotextile mat) can be used
To relieve pressure against floor slab
Layer of large gravel place below slab
Concrete paving min …. Thick
Expansion joints every ….separated with a ….premolded joint fille
5”
20’
1/2”
Asphalt concrete paving include several types of …. Paving
Most common consist of …. And..,, … Thick
Bituminousقيرى
Asphalt cement and graded aggregates
2-3”
Row of tree with H height decrease wind velocity …% to distance of…
30-40% to 5H
Extensive green roof …..
Intensive
2-3” soil less than 6” deep
Thicker soil 36”-15’
Green roof parts
Growth medium Filter fabric Drainage Retention layer Insulation Root barrier Water proof Structure
Green roof over…. Roof area
Leed credit
50%
Green roof buildup min …to parapetجانپناه
2’
Not use insulation with….
Cfc or hcfc
Ozone deplet
Transparent insulation
Consist of relatively thick layer of polycarbonate honeycomb mat, acrylic foam or fiberglass sandwich betweel layer of glazing
Can not be used when view is desired
Stop heat transfer by convection if an …, is used instead of vaccum
Inert gas fill
Argon gas
Krypton
Glass translucent when reach certain temp
Thermochromic glass
Effective aperture
Combine variable of light transmittance and window to wall ratio
0.2-0.3 good daylighting
Leed : min glazing factor….% in ….% of all space iccupied
…. Space view to outside
2% in 75%
90%
Leed credit supply at least ….% energy use with onsite renewable energy systems 1 credit
…% 2credit
….% 3credit
5%
10%
20%
Ground source heat pump save…. Energy use for space heating and cooling ….. Water heating
…. Pipe required for every 12000 btu/h of heating or cooling capacity needed
20-50%
Ideal angle of pv on roof latitude ….
Pvs:
+_15
Crystalline
Polycrystalline
Thin film
Balance point temp
Outdoor temp when bldg transition from heat need to cool need
Effective aperture=…..*…..
Visible transmittance* window to wall ratio
Net metering
Requirement that a utility pay and charge equal rates regardless of which way elec flows. Thus excess elec generated with pv r wind can be sold back to utility
Shading coefficient
Ratio of solar heat gain through a glazing to the solarheat gain through an unshaded 1/8” thick clear double strength glass
Length of cul de sac = ….
diameter
Traffic signal >= …. Vehicle per hour
750
Rotated parking angle to east and west<=
40
Shopping center …. Ft2 parking for every 1000 ft2 tenant space
3000-4000
Car ramps<= … % slope
15%
Car ramp slope> …% min …. Up and down the slope have …. Slope
10%
8’
1/2 ramp slope
Parking area slope for drainage
1-5%
Sidewalk >= … Wide
Collector walkway >=
5’
6-10’
Clear floor space require for wheelchair
Min space req to turn a wc is a circle … Diameter
4’ dar 2.5’
5’
Walks should have gradient< ..%
With cross gradient < …%
5%
2%
Max length ramp …’ With landing ….’
30’
5’
Ramps needed for height >=
0.5”
Ramp slope<= ….
Prefered …
1/12
1/16
Handrail on each side of ramp if rise>=
Or run >
6”
72”
Accesible parking To bldg entrance
200’
…. First priority for utilities and the best place …. Of the street
Wastewater lines
Center
Power lines are located
Above ground
Water supply systems installed in either…. Pattern or….
Branch
Gridiron( central feeder or looper feeder)
Water main tube size.. In typical residential area
…. In high density street
6”
8”
Water meter and shut-off valves are located at ……
Users property line
Fire hydrant are …. ‘ apart in high density district and ….’ Apart in suburbs
150’
600’
Velocity of waste water …. Ft per second
2.5-10
Waste water conduit <= …. Length
4’
20’
Telephone trunk lines are generally placed in…. In…
Underground conduits in street right of way
Gas located within the ….. Usually in ….
The street right of way
In sidewalk area on both sides or in alleys or rear lot easement
Avoid building in flood plains below… Year flood elevation
100
Drainage pipes larger than 42” in diameter are made of …
Concrete
Water may travel ….’ Before reaching a collection point for storm sewer
… Slope
…. Ft per sec
1000’
0.3%
2-10’ per second
Landuse develipment pattern determined by…
Street systems
Advantage of 60 parking
Easier to use
Street curb radius>=
12’
In southerly latitudes shorter or longer overhang
Shorter
Low u value leads to …. Heat loss or gain
Slower
Thermal inertia
Ability of materials to store heat
Underground water zones:
Vegetation
Aeration
Ground water table
Saturation
Aquifer
Underg permeable material through which water flows
Good aquifer: sand/gravel/sandstone
Indigenouss
بومى
Quicksand Cobble stone Hardpan Boulder Shale
ماسه روان قلوه سنگ خاك سفت تخته سنگ سنگ لوح
Auger Boring. مته حفارى
Bring up soil samples by means of 2-2.5”
Most effective in sand or clay
depth
Wash boring
Bedrock
Problem boulders mistaken for bedrock
> 100’
Material washed up
Core boring
Most costly and reliable
Bring complete core of material
Diamond drill
Result in test boring log book
Specific gravity of soil to determine... Grain shape to estimate ... Liquid and plastic limits Void ratio Unconfined compression
Void ratio Shear strength To obtain compressability and compaction value Compressibility Estimate shear strength
SC*0.87=
SHGC
Areas frost action footings must place at least …. …. The frost line
Building foundation should be …. The water table
1’ below
Depth below which soil does not freeze
Above
Drainage tile min diameter… Laid in …. At least …. Below lowest floor slab
6” in gravel or porous
6”
Gutter
Flumes
Berm
Gentle warp of paved space
جوى كنار خيابان
راه آب
هره
انحراف
Drainage system … Year strom for residential
…. Year storm for shop center
5
25-50
Min slope for surface drainage…
Near building….
0.5
>= 2%
Drainage ditch slope….
Grass slope
Unmowed groundغيرهلفى
2-10%
<=50%
Underground drainage conduit slope
> =0.3%
Ground surf slope
Level
Easy grade
Steep grade
4-10%
>10%
Grassy recreation area slope…
Walk adjacent to bldg…
Slope of parking area
Streets used by vehicule
<=10%
Storm drain….
Sanitary sewer….
Street drainage
Open land drainage
> =0.3%
0.4-1.4%
=0.5%
=0.5%
Automobile ramp down slope
Paved walkway side walk
<=10%
Topsoil remove …. Before gradind
6”
In excavation permanent cut slopes is h= to w=
Filled slope h= to w=
1 to 1.5
1 to 2
Earth that is replaced around a foundation after footing and foundation installed
Backfill
6-12” in depth
Footing is part of the
Foundation
One large footing under entire bldg
Mat footing
Raft foundation
Footing in a depth that weight of soil removed= load of bldg
Boat footing
Box like struc used where very wet or soft soil encounter
Method of cons below water table
Caissons
Raker
شمع نگهدارنده diagonal bracing
Employ to support existing foundation
Underpin. تقويت پى
Needling
شمعك زنى
Page 76
Flagstone
سنگفرش
Thin slabs of slate
Weep hole
زهكش
Accomodate vertical grade change
Retaining wall
Battered wall ديوار شيبدار
Cribbing
Stone riprap سنگچين
Coniferous
Indigenous
وابسته به كاج
بومى
Systematic method of obtaining optimum value for every dollar spent in all project expenditures
Value analysis
Xerophytes
Hydrophytes
گياه خشكزى
گياه آبزى
1st america zoning ordinance enacted in…
New york 1916 to limit size and shape of new skyscrapers
Zoning statutes in 1920s
Physical development divided city into districts of diff use
Regulated the height and bulk of bldgs and setback lines
Ordinance if 1920
Recognize aesthetic environmental problems and preserve historical sites
Model land development code
The volume within which a bldg may be placed
Zoning envelope
… Is granted when the literal application of an ordinance would cause an undue hardship in the proposed development of the site
Variance
Choice may have to be made between interest of land owner and neighbor
Rezoning
Rezoning small individual lots is spot zoning
Contract zoning
Agreement between developer and local government
Bonus or incentive zoning
In some cities zoning req may be waived if developer provide bonus features
1991 community pronciples
Ahwahnee principles
4 components for every design decision
Cost
Function
Aesthetics
Time
Awning
Trellise
سايبان
شبكه
Organized process to ensure that all bldg systems perform interactively
Commissioning
Reactors that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity heat and water
Fuel cells
Soil sand or mud deposited by flowing warer
Alluviumآبرفت
The most stable soil type
Bedrock
Soft dark soil containing decomposed organic matter poor bearing capacity
Humus گياخاك
Rich soil containing equal parts of sand silt and clay
Loam رسماسه
The crown of a road points…. On a contour map
Downhill
City beatiful movement
By burnham improve morally socially physically decaying cities through beautification and order
First implementation washington dc 1901
Number of accessible parking determines by
Total num of p provide
Type of facility
Number of accessible parking for
Hospital outpatient favilities
Rehabilitation and outpatient physical therapy
10%
20%
French architect beleived in structral rationalism . First restoration architect
Eugene viollet le duc
Pioneer in zoning
Tony garnier
Who planned washington dc
Pierre charles lenfant
Macroclimates
Cool
Temperate
Hot arid
Hot humid
Upward movement of soil as a result of moisture absorption
Heaving frost action
To avoid heaving
The moisture content of the subsoil should remail constant at the footing the top of footing at frost line
Study of living organism in relationship to their environment
Ecology
Vertical distance or change in elev between sequential contour lines
Contour interval
Four methods of soil testings
Wash boring
Auger boring
Core boring
Test pit
An elevated artificial channel that carries fast moving water and is used to transport items such as logs or fish or to divert a stream
Flume نهر پايه دار
Water that drains in a thin layer across a sloped surface pavement grass
Sheet flow
An embankment levee or dam formed to hold a river ir stream or divert a flow of water
Weir
سرريز
Type of above ground drainage used to control runoff a shalow sloping depression incorporated into landscaping
Swale
Consists primarily of particles that are all approx the same size a type of poorly graded soil
Uniformly graded soil
Consist of both large and small particles but the continuity of graduation is interrupted typ by absence of intermediate size particles
Type of poorly graded soil
Gap graded soil
A horizontal brace of steel or timber used to support sheating holdsver members and form work in line
Wale waler whale
Creating shallow excavations used for pouring small footings and foundation walls or provide drainage of surface water
Trenching
Temp wood or steel bracing usu set an angled position to hold walls
Shoring
Providing additional support to an existing foundation by rebuilding or reinforcing
Underpinning
A temp diagonal brace used to support vertical sheeting against earth walls created by excavation
Raker
Methods to control erosion during construction
Silt fence
Straw bale dams/ earth dikes
Hydroseding or mulch
Retaining wall
Filter fabric fixed to wood stakes filters fine sediment from runoff before it reaches receiving streams
Silt fence
How can a site be graded to avoid damage a 200 year tree
No grading should occur under the drip line of the tree
Boundary of the tree outer roots
Proctor teat
A test method used to determine the optimum relationship between moisture content and compaction of soil
Percolation test
To determine the rate soil absorbs effluent used to assess stability of soil for a leachfield
Min slope for paved area
A lawn
1-1.5%. 2% for pedestrian path good
Min 2 max 4%
Methods to control erosion
Peoper site drainage
Native planting
Retaining wall
Application of riprap
Covenant
Type of deed restriction places limitation on land development by the buyer
Piazza of saint peter at vatican is an example of what kind of planning
Renaissance by bernini
Comfort factors
Temperature Humidity Precipitation Radiation Air movement
The lowest point or lowest inside surface of a drain
Invert
A drain or channel that permits the passage of water below ground
Culvert
آبگذر زير جاده
A perforated pipe surrounded by granular fill used to releive hydristatic pressure from foundation or retaining wall
Drain tile
Rome is which type of city planning
Baroque
Links important monuments places and views with broad radiating st and avenues
…. Planning attempted to bring classical order to medievel streets by carving out formal plazas and squares and by adding classical ornaments to preexisting bldg
Renaissance
Venice
The greatest angle at which soil will lay without sliding
Angle of repose
Generally sand and gravel have a steeper angle than silt and loam
Vehicle turning radius Small cars Standard car Large car Ambulance and paramedic Bus and truck
16-19' 19-23' 23-25' 25-30' 43-50'
Vernal equinox
21 march
Min distance between driveway and intersection
50-200’
Accessible parking stall width
Car
Van
8’ plus 5’ for aisle
8’ plus 8’ for aisle
Min width of twoway driveway
Min width of twoway main aisle between 90 parking
16’
20’
Min angle of a road at an intersection
70
Min width of oneway driveway
10’
A setback is addressed by
Zoning code
Constellation pattern
صورت فلكى ستارگان
According to Unified Soil Classification how r soils classified
Coarse-grained soil
Fine-grained soil
Highly organic soil
Gravel well graded
Gravel poorly graded
Silty gravel
Clayey gravel
GW
GP
GM
GC
Two methods of reducing hydrostatic pressure on a foundation wall
Install a drain tile at the footing and backfill with a layer of gravel and soil
Install open web matting against foundation wall prior to backfilling with gravel and soil
A heavy timber or steel column driven vertically into the soil and used to hold sheeting boards in place
Soldier beam
Horizontal boards placed between soldier beams also called
Timber sheeting
Breast boards
Lagging boards
Three principal methods of describing a prop boundary
Location within a subdivision
Metes and bounds
Reference to a township and section
Two angles used to describe position of the sun
Azimuth and altitude
What document is used to determine the boundaries of zoning districts?
Zoning map
Distance between two meridians
24 mile
Albedo of natural materials high or low
Low
Ramp handrail should extend …. At its top and bottom landings
12” or 1’
Min slope required to drain a surface paved with concrete
1%
In public land survey what is a township
Square 6 mile dar 6 mile
Two design strategy to drain a parking lot
Sheet draining
Use of swale
What system of land subduvision was encouraged by land ordinance of 1785?
Grid system
Best range of orientation for a site in northern hemisphere
5 to 25 degree east of south
…… Are used where expansive soil such as bentonite is present
Grade beams on pier
Retention pond
Holding pond or catch basin
Temp holding the water and release it at a controlled rate
Construction designed to allow sediment to settle while water drains into the ground
Bioswale
Construction designed to retain stormwater until it can seep into the ground
Infiltration basin
Structure designed to collect grit an trash while allowing the storm water to flow out of the drainage pipes
Catch basin
Max slope for parking lit
5%
Max slope for accessible portion of parking lot
2%
…. Slope is considered max for automobile ramp where pedestrians are allowed
… Without pedestrian
12%
15%
Amount of runoff in cubic feet per sec on a site
CIA
C runoff coeffient
I rainfall intensity in inches per hour
A area of site in acre
Retaining wall more than … Ft in reinforced concrete or masonary
4’
Document that include info on land elevation
Survey
A written doc describe owner of property and from whom it was purchased
Deed of trust
Description of property by address or lot description no land elev
Deed
Written description of the boundaries of a parcel of land
Metes and bounds
Legal description of a subdivided piece of property that include info on lot street roght of way and easement
Plat
… Department responsible for design and maint of city road drainage
Public work dep
Area surrounding a land development site encompassing the population base that the development is meant to serve
Catchment area
Statistical data of a population such as age income
Demographics
Study of spatial requirements of humans and the effects of population density on behavior communication and social interaction
Proxemics
Object on which a tax is calculated
Tax base
The shape of the land purposely formed to control flow of water usu by cutting into the ground
Swale
Guessing a value in between two known values
Interpolation
1% slope is approximately … Inch per ft
1/8 in/ft
2% slope is approximately … Inch per ft
1/4 inch/ft
Boulevards have right of way of … Ft to …. Ft
100-130 ft
30-40m
Street and ave right of way
80’
Utilities are commonly located
Anywhere in the right-of-way
… Ft2 per car : parking space+access+fairly effocient driveway
…. : parking space drives walkways
300ft2. 28m2
400ft2. 37m2
Min width of sidewalk
5’
When one road intersect another at an angle the min angle
80
What determines the min parking requirements for site development
Zoning regulations
Total solar radiation on a horizontal surface
Insolation
In north hemisphere optimum tilt angle of an active solar collector equals to…
For space heating system
Bldg latitude
Bldg latitude+15
Square 24 miles on a side consisting of 16 township
Check
Check -) township-) section (1by1)
Max allowable vertical change of level without using ramp
1/4 inch per ft
… Restriction limit the area beyond which a bldg can pass
Bulk plane restriction
Ext material may be governed by
Covenant عهد
Development restrictions
To some extend bldg codes
Egress
خروجى
Setbacks are established by …. Of a city or country
Zoning code
Zoning code controls
Allowable use Amount of land that can be covered with bldgs Bulks of structures Setback distance Parking and loading requirements
Maximum allowable area of a bldg is limited by a combination if
Floor area ratio and construction type
…….. Is the space between a bldg and the potential location of a blast threat
Standoff distance
If …..% of existing bldg struc ext walls and roof are reused leed awards 3 points
95%
Maintaing ….% interior nonstruc elements 1 point
Recycling or salvaging …. Of debris 1 point
Reuse materials from site that amount to …% by cost of total value of material
1 point
50%
50%
5%
…. Is not a method of estimating cut and fill
Elevation method
…. Method for cut and fill calculations for roadways
End area method
The well decomposed more or less stable part of the organic matter found in mineral soils is
Humus
… Used to help conserve moisture control temp prevent surface compaction reduce runoff and erision improve soil structure or control weeds
Mulch
Combination of soil and water have higher mineral content than peat
Muck
لجن
..when mixed with nitrogen and soil used as an organic fertilizer
Purpose of making to permit irganic material to become crumbly ترد and reduce carbon nitrogen ratio of material
Compost كود آلى
The most permeable soil
Gravel
The day length of day and night equal…
Day maximum hours of sunlight…
Day min hours of sunlight
March and sep 21
June 21
Dec21
….. Footing are appropriate when good soil are found at a shallow depth
Spread
Spread footing on recompacted fill is often economical where max depth of fill is about ….
5 feet
…,, is described by lot number block name or number and tract name or number
Urban land
….. Are permitted to use only when the cutoff( top most level of pile) will be below the lowest ground water table assumed to exist during life of project
Untreated wood piles
…. Footing are used when building columns are located close to property line
Cantilever footing
Cluster type residential development would be most appropriate for an area that has
Highly irregular contours
The cost to design and construct the leed bldg will …
Increase
Adding a geothermal will increase compensation of …
Architect and mech engineer
A …. Is a flow path similar to a valley in which the contour point uphill
Swale
Contours point downhill
Ridge
A device used to collect water before conducting it to underground pipes
Trench drain
Soil is or is not pervious in a septic tank
Is
Tiles comprising a septic drain field should be placed with a slope
1/24 inch per foot
Septic drain fields shiuld be at least…. From any surface water ir well
100’
Csi construction specification institute a folding steel security gate for commercial project in what division
Specialities
Compacted soil either onsite or imported is compacted
6”
Expansive soils expand when wet
Foundation can be designed for soil bearing pressure exceeding upward pressure exerted by expansive soil
Ex
Construction cost is ….%
15%
If conditions are encountered at a site which differs materially from those indicated in contract documents the contractor shall
Notify the architect no later than 21 days after first observation
Where topography is steep and irregular installation of underground sewer line is
More expensive than for a level site because line require more sewer manhole
Dash line on a topographic map represent
Existing or natural topography
Solid line proposed modification to existing landform
Soil conditions ….. Shown on topographic map
Are not
….. Cause the parking lot to rise above their original level
Frost and heaving of the subsoil
Parking width
(Hc 12+reg9)/#of rows/9’=num of stalls in a row
Width of row+(29*2)= width of a row
Land use development pattern are mist frequently determined by
Street systems
A neighborhood shopping mall is best located at
Intersection if arterial and collector street
Powerlines are generally located above ground because they are
Less costly
Primary objective of good pedestrian circulationis
Safety
A …. Footing distributes vertical loads over the entire bldg area and is used when soil condition are poor
Mat footing
If the loads of the proposed structure are high relative to the bearing capacity of the soil
Placing load on a footing results in
Reduction of soil void volume
Ahwahnee principles
Mixed used development is prefered in sustainable design
Support wide range of interconnected transportation
Development that permits opportunity for diverse number of jobs is a key goal
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
روانگرایی
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
روانگرایی
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
Sudden loss of shearing resistance in a cohesion less soil
Liquefaction
روانگرایی
Large beds of clay contained in gravel
Cause differential settlement of bldg foundation
Costs for cutting and filling earth on site typicslly calculated by
Cubic yards
In cold climates vapor barrier desirable below attic insulation because they
Minimize moisture migration
Restrictive covenants are typically developed on behalf if
Property owners
Right of way
A right belonging to a party to pass over kand of another
A continuous perforated pipe placed near the footing of a foundation
French drain or subdrain
A leader line comes off a
Gutter
A continuous drain placed at the ground level to catch runoff and divert to storm sewer
Trench drain
Catch basin, cistern and box culvert allow stormwater to
Run into storm swere system
Best soil for slab in grade construction
Poorly graded gravel
Min width for two lane road designed for two way traffic
24’
Minimize the heat island effect of imperviuos site paving by material with
Low or high albedo
High albedo
L shape and u shape bldgs with reentrant corners or second floor overhang
Focus or amplify blast energy
Max area of signage on exterior of abldg is most commonly regulated by
Zoning ordinance
…. Test determines optimum compaction of site fill based on density and optimum moisture content
Proctor test
First floor elevated above street for privacy
A stoop design
Regulations pertain to a planned development around a wetland architect should investigate
Local and state governmental rules and us army corps of engineer regulations
Max slope for a curb cut
1/12
Max permissible cross slope for a sidewalk as defined by ADA
2%
Slope of a masonary or stone retaining wall
Batter
Floor area can be increased if
Automatic sprinkler system installed
Prescribed min open space maintained between bldg and property line
According to ada max permited slope for parking
2%
….. Define the minimum setback distances from the property line
Zoning regulations
….. Establish view plane restrictions
Local ordinances
Planting strip for tress min
For grass
6’
4’
Ground dource heat pump use most important factor
Size of lot
…. Used to show how much of a bldg site need to be regraded
Earthwork diagram
Vandalism
Willful destructionof property
…. Clauses in a deed that place condition limitation or restriction on use of property
Deed restrictions
Large low cost housing development best organization
Compact
Suburban shopping mall organization pattern
Axial
Ancient classical rome organizationpattern
Precinctual
Allow growth in any direction
Amount of solar radiation received by a site influence by
Latitude =distance from equator
Slope
Organic soil…. To develop
More costly
Mountain resort always…. Than base resort
Cooler
Stormdrain slope
Pedestrian walk
Planted bank
Unretain earth cut
0.3-1%
Max 10 15 for short
Max 50
50-100
Planted rural area
Stabilize micro climate
Air 100 fpm is
Air less than 50 fpm is
250 fpm and more
Pleasant
Unnoticable
Drafty noisy
Bulb tee
In gypsum concrete roof deck construction
When row of trees are penpendicular to wind direction
Two rows of trees
Service drive to draw
Accomodate 20’ truck
Arterial speed limit
35
If runoff exceed sewer cspacity solution to build a
Detention pond
Family of four how many gallons per day
400
Narrow gradation= most of the aggregates the same size
Dense gradation= equal amount of variuos size of aggregate
Open gradation= little in the fine range
Rich gradation= high proportion of particles
A
On main artery roads standard min spacing between successive intersections at least
800’
Retention pond to hold water
Detention pond
Indifinite time
Temp holding
Building sanitary drainage system begin
At a point 3-5 ft outside the bldg
Addition of fill to existing soil
Surcharging
Req for loading area
Zoning ordinace
…… Acre is 1 section
649
Cleanup strategy to remediate unsaturated zone
Vapor extraction
Ground water remediation method
Extraction treatment
