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Soils And Materials Two > Site Investigations > Flashcards

Site Investigations Flashcards

1
Q

What must the design of geotechnical structure do?

A

Prevent failure and ensure serviceability

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2
Q

What is an example of failure

A

Collapse of a retaining wall
Landslide on slope
Large penetration of footing or pile foundation

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3
Q

What’s an example of serviceability failure

A

Excessive settlement disrupting access and drainage

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4
Q

Define parent material

A

The rocks from which a soil is made from

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5
Q

Define residual soils

A

The parent material of a soil is directly below

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6
Q

Define transported soil

A

Wind, water or glaciers have transported the soil far from the parent material

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7
Q

What is top soil

A

Organic material

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8
Q

What is superficial soil

A

Less organic material

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9
Q

What is the fragmented rock layer made of

A

More rock is found in the soil

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10
Q

What is the grain size of gravel and how do you identify it

A

63-2mm and by eye

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11
Q

What is the grain size of sand and how do you identify it

A

2-0.063mm and by eye

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12
Q

What’s the grain size of silt and how do you identify it

A

0.063-0.002mm and by optical microscope/magnifying glass

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13
Q

What is the grain size of clay and how do we identify it

A

<0.002mm and electron microscope

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14
Q

What are the three behaviours of coarse soil

A

Cohesion less
Permeable
Less compression

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15
Q

What are the three behaviours of fine soil

A

Cohesive
Impermeable
Compressible

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16
Q

What are the three circles of the geotechnical triangle

A

Ground profile
Soil behaviour
Modelling

17
Q

What’s included in the ground profile section of the GT?

A

Genesis
Geology
Site investigation
Ground description

18
Q

What’s included in the soil behaviour section of the GT?

A

Lab testing
Field testing
Observation
Measurement

19
Q

What’s included in the modelling section of the GT?

A

Idealisation
Then evaluation
Conception/numerical/physical modelling

20
Q

What does the geotechnical triangle achieve?

A

Empiricism
Precedent
Experience
Risk management

21
Q

Why is site investigation needed?

A

To enable a geotechnical and geo-enviromental assesment of the ground conditions followed by an analysis of these

22
Q

Name three conditions of the subsurface that we research during site investigations

A

Soil and rock profile
Geological features
Contamination

23
Q

Why do we carry out site investigations?

A

To determine the type of foundation needed
To make recommendations of safe bearing capacity and pile load capacity
To enable adequate and economical design

24
Q

What are the three sections of site investigation?

A

Planning
Execution
Report

25
Q

Why do we plan site investigations?

A

Minimise cost of explorations
Give reliable info
Decide on quality and quantity of investigations depending on the project type

26
Q

What kind of tests are conducted as part of a site investigation?

A

Collection of Disturbed and undisturbed samples
Conducting Insitu tests if subsurface material
Student of ground water conditions
Geophysical exploration
Lab testing on samples

27
Q

Name 3 site exploration methods

A

Test pits
Boreholes
Probes

28
Q

What are the two types of soil sample?

A

Disturbed and undisturbed

29
Q

Define a disturbed sample

A

Natural structure of the soil gets modified or destroyed during the sampling process

30
Q

Define an undisturbed sample

A

Natural structure of the soils and material properties are preserved during the sampling process

31
Q

Pros of test pits

A

permits visuals of subsurface in a natural state
useful for gravelly soils where boreholes are unusable

32
Q

Cons of test pits

A

max depth of 5-6m
Sampling and testing is done on an exposed surface

33
Q

Pros of auger borings

A

Simplest method
Can be powered or hand driven
Suitable in all types of soil above GWT
Hollow system augers can be used for the SPF and sampling

34
Q

Cons of auger borings

A

Maximum depth of 10m
In soil below GWT can only be used in cohesive soil
Only produces highly disturbed samples
Casing may need to be installed in some soils

35
Q

What does SPT stand for

A

Standard penetration test

36
Q
A

Soils And Materials Two (5 decks)

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