SIS

Question 1

What is the primary right of participants regarding their involvement in a study?

Answer 1

Participants have the right to privacy and their involvement details cannot be disclosed without written consent.

Question 2

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

Answer 2

Psychological health, illness, treatments, and factors are affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 3

List three biological factors in the Biopsychosocial Model.

Answer 3

• Genetic factors
• Neurochemistry
• Hormones

Question 4

What psychological factors are considered in the Biopsychosocial Model?

Answer 4

• Cognition and thinking
• Emotions
• Memory

Question 5

What social factors are included in the Biopsychosocial Model?

Answer 5

• Cultural values
• Family background
• Socio-economic status

Question 6

True or False: Anonymity is not acceptable in psychological research.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What is the scientific method in psychology?

Answer 7

A systematic approach for planning, conducting, and reporting research that involves collecting empirical evidence.

Question 8

Define independent variable (IV).

Answer 8

The manipulated variable in an experiment.

Question 9

Define dependent variable (DV).

Answer 9

The factor that is measured in an experiment.

Question 10

What are constant variables?

Answer 10

Factors that should remain the same throughout an experiment.

Question 11

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 11

Any factor that interferes with the dependent variable.

Question 12

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 12

An experiment where a control group receives no treatment while the experimental group receives treatment.

Question 13

What is a single-blind procedure?

Answer 13

When participants do not know which group they are allocated to.

Question 14

What is a double-blind procedure?

Answer 14

When both participants and researchers do not know which group participants are allocated to.

Question 15

What are the three types of research designs?

Answer 15

• Experimental
• Observational
• Qualitative

Question 16

What is the advantage of observational design?

Answer 16

Allows for research in a natural setting.

Question 17

What are the main types of qualitative design?

Answer 17

• Focus group
• Delphi technique
• Interviews

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Objective data is free from _______.

Answer 18

[bias/opinion/personal interpretation]

Question 19

What is the mean in statistics?

Answer 19

The average value calculated by adding all values together and dividing by the total number of values.

Question 20

How is the median calculated?

Answer 20

By placing values in ascending order and finding the middle number.

Question 21

What does mode represent in a dataset?

Answer 21

The most frequently occurring value.

Question 22

What is a normal distribution?

Answer 22

A distribution where most data is located in the center and tapers out to a few extreme scores.

Question 23

What is a positively skewed distribution?

Answer 23

A distribution where the curve skews to the left, indicating a large number of low scores.

Question 24

What is the range in statistics?

Answer 24

The difference between the highest and lowest score in a set.

Question 25

What does standard deviation measure?

Answer 25

The average distance between scores in a distribution and the mean.

Question 26

What is a positive correlation?

Answer 26

As one variable increases, so does the other.

Question 27

What is a negative correlation?

Answer 27

As one variable increases, the other decreases.

Question 28

What is content analysis?

Answer 28

Collating and analyzing qualitative data, usually from a focus group, using a coding process.

Question 29

What are two major aspects to evaluate data?

Answer 29

* Reliability (precision) * Validity (accuracy)

Question 30

What is the biggest threat to validity and reliability?

Answer 30

Extraneous variables.

Question 31

What is the importance of evaluating data in research?

Answer 31

Determining reliability and validity ## Footnote Reliability refers to precision and validity refers to accuracy.

Question 32

What are extraneous variables?

Answer 32

Variables that threaten the validity and reliability of research results ## Footnote Good researchers aim to eliminate or control these variables.

Question 33

What does reliability refer to in research?

Answer 33

The extent to which an experiment yields the same results on repeated trials.

Question 34

Can a measure be reliable without being valid?

Answer 34

Yes, a measure can be reliable without being valid.

Question 35

What does validity mean in the context of research?

Answer 35

Research that accurately measures what it claimed to measure.

Question 36

What is an example of low validity in research?

Answer 36

Measuring reaction time with a faulty stopwatch.

Question 37

What is external validity?

Answer 37

The ability to generalize results to an entire population.

Question 38

What is ecological validity?

Answer 38

The ability to generalize results to other situations or settings.

Question 39

Define 'sample' in research.

Answer 39

A subsection of research participants selected from a larger group of interest, called the population.

Question 40

What is the population in research?

Answer 40

The entire group of research interest from which the sample is drawn.

Question 41

What is convenience sampling?

Answer 41

Selecting the sample from a group of people the researcher has access to, which usually contains bias.

Question 42

What is random sampling?

Answer 42

Every member of the targeted population has an equal chance of being selected.

Question 43

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 43

Breaking down a target population into smaller groups and then randomly sampling from those groups.

Question 44

What is the significance of sample size in research?

Answer 44

A larger sample size provides more data and more reliable conclusions.

Question 45

What does representativeness mean in research?

Answer 45

Participants must represent the population in question for valid conclusions.

Question 46

What are the nine ethical principles in psychology research?

Answer 46

* Informed consent * Voluntary participation * Confidentiality * Right to withdraw * Debriefing * General wellbeing * Accurate reporting * Deception * Animal welfare

Question 47

What is informed consent?

Answer 47

Participants must be informed about the study and reasons for research before agreeing to participate.

Question 48

What does voluntary participation entail?

Answer 48

Participants consent voluntarily without bribery, threats, or coercion.

Question 49

What is the right to withdraw?

Answer 49

Participants can withdraw from the study at any time without explanation.

Question 50

What happens during debriefing?

Answer 50

Participants are informed about the purpose of the research and what will happen to the data.

Question 51

What is the general wellbeing principle in research ethics?

Answer 51

Researchers must ensure no general harm comes to participants during the investigation.

Question 52

What is required for accurate reporting in research?

Answer 52

Researchers must publish complete and correct information about their research.

Question 53

When is deception allowed in research?

Answer 53

When necessary to obtain accurate data without causing significant harm.

Question 54

What must researchers consider regarding animal welfare?

Answer 54

* Welfare of the animal * Justification for use * Avoiding pain and distress * Correct maintenance, care, and handling