Single Pilot Resource Management

Question 1

Define: Single Pilot Resource Management

Answer 1

Managing all resources available to a single pilot to ensure the successful outcome of the flight

Question 2

What skills are necessary for effective SRM?

Answer 2

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)
Risk Management (RM)
Task Management (TM)
Controlled Flight into Terrain Management (CFIT)
Situational Awareness (SA)

Question 3

What practical application provides a pilot with an effective method to practice SRM?

Answer 3

5 P Checklist

• the Plan
• the Plane
• the Pilot
• the Passengers
• the Programming

Question 4

Explain the use of the 5 P Checklist

Answer 4

Plan- weather, route, fuel, etc.
Plane- mechanical status, currency
Pilot- IMSAFE checklist
Passengers- pilots/non-pilots, nervous, new, etc.
Programming- autopilot, GPS, etc.

Question 5

When should a pilot use the 5 P Checklist?

Answer 5

Pre-flight
Pre-takeoff
Hourly or halfway through the flight
Pre-descent
Approach
All emergencies

Question 6

Define: Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

Answer 6

Systematic approach to the mental process to constantly determine the best course of action in response to a set of circumstances.

Question 7

What are the steps of ADM?

Answer 7

Define the problem
Choose a course of action
Implement the decision
Evaluate the outcome

Question 8

What 2 models are used when practicing ADM?

Answer 8

DECIDE

3 P

Question 9

What are the elements of the DECIDE for ADM?

Answer 9

Detect a change needing attention
Estimate the need to react to the change
Choose the most desirable outcome
Identify actions to control the change
Do something to adapt to the change
Evaluate the effect of the action taken

Question 10

What are the elements of the 3P Model for ADM?

Answer 10

Perceive - what could hurt me, my passengers, or my aircraft
Process - consequences, alternatives, reality of the situation, external pressures (CARE)
Perform - determine the best course of action

Question 11

How is the 3P model different from the DECIDE checklist?

Answer 11

The 3P process is a continuous look of the pilot’s handling of hazards.
The DECIDE checklist focuses on particular problems needing a solution.

Question 12

What are the 5 hazardous attitudes and antidotes?

Answer 12

Anti-authority : follow the rules
Impulsivity : think first, not so fast
Invulnerability : it could happen to me
Macho : taking changes is foolish
Resignation : I'm not helpless

Question 13

Define: Risk Management

Answer 13

Decision making process used to identify hazards, assess the degree of risk, and determine the best course of action.

Question 14

How can the PAVE checklist help assess an in-flight risk?

Answer 14

Pilot- general health, currency, proficiency
Aircraft- airworthiness, equipment, capabilities
enVironment- weather, terrain, airports
External pressures- meetings, desire to impress

Question 15

Define: Personal Minimums

Answer 15

Limits that are unique to an individual pilot based on current level of experience and proficiency.

Question 16

IMSAFE checklist

Answer 16

Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Eating

Question 17

Define: Task Management

Answer 17

The process by which pilots manage the many concurrent tasks that must be performed to safely and efficiently operate the aircraft.

Question 18

What are several options a pilot can employ to decrease workload and avoid becoming overloaded?

Answer 18

Stop
Think
Slow Down
Prioritize

Question 19

What phrase can a pilot use to prioritize tasks and avoid overload situations?

Answer 19

Aviate, Navigate, Communicate

Question 20

How can tasks be performed efficiently without causing a distraction while flying?

Answer 20

By planning, prioritizing, and sequencing tasks.

Question 21

Why do we use checklists?

Answer 21

It helps ensure that critical items necessary are not overlooked or forgotten.

Question 22

What are the 2 common methods for using checklists?

Answer 22

Do-verify (one pilot)

Challenge-do-verify (two pilots)

Question 23

What are some errors that can occur when using a checklist?

Answer 23

Items missed due to a distraction
Items incorrectly performed
Using the wrong checklist
Too much time with head down
Emergency checklist not readily available

Question 24

What are the recommended methods for managing checklist accomplishment?

Answer 24

Touch/point at each control
Verbally state desired status of items
When done announce “___ checklist complete”

Question 25

Define: Immediate Action Items

Answer 25

Actions that must be accomplished so fast that a checklist cannot be used until the situation is under control.

Question 26

Define: Situational Awareness (SA)

Answer 26

The accurate perception and understanding of all the factors and conditions within the 4 fundamental risk elements (PAVE) that affect safety before, during, and after flight.

Question 27

Elements inside and outside the aircraft that must be considered to maintain SA?

Answer 27

Inside- status of aircraft systems, pilot, and passengers

Outside- awareness of where the aircraft is in relation to terrain, traffic, weather, and airspace.

Question 28

What factors can reduce SA?

Answer 28

Fatigue
Distractions
Unexpected events
Complacency
High workload
Inoperative equipment

Question 29

A majority of CFIT accidents happen bacause …?

Answer 29

Lack of pilot currency
Loss of SA
Pilot distractions
Failure to comply with minimum safe altitudes
Insufficient planning