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ID Exam 3 > Sing L6 > Flashcards

Sing L6 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the beta-lactam classes?

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactam

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2
Q

what are the anti-staphylococcal penicllins?

A

nafcillin
oxacillin
dicloxacillin
methicillin

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3
Q

what are the first generation cephalosporins?

A

cefazolin
cephalexin

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4
Q

what are the second generation cephalosporins and the 2 groups

A

true penicillins: cefuroxime
cefamycins: cefotetan and cefoxitin

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5
Q

what are the third generation cephalosporins?

A

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
ceftazidime
cefdinir
cefpodoxime

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6
Q

what are the fourth generation cephalosporins?

A

cefepime

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7
Q

what are the fifth generation cephalosporins?

A

ceftaroline fosamil

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8
Q

what are the sixth generation cephalosporins?

A

ceftazidime/avibactam
ceftolozane/tazobactam

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9
Q

what are the siderophore cephalosporins?

A

cefiderocol

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10
Q

what are the carbapenems?

A

ertapenem
meropenem
doripenem
imipenem and cilastatin

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11
Q

what are the carbapenem + BLI combos?

A

meropenem/vaborbactam
imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam

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12
Q

what is the monobactam?

A

aztreonam

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13
Q

what is the glycopeptide?

A

vancomycin

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14
Q

what are the lipoglycopeptides?

A

telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavanci

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15
Q

what is the lipopeptide?

A

daptomycin

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16
Q

what are the polymyxins?

A

colistimethate
polymyxin B

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17
Q

what is the MOA of cilastatin?

A

a dehydropeptidase inhibitor, which prolongs the activity and decrease the nephrotoxicity of imipenem

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18
Q

what is the MOA of glycopeptides and lipogylcopeptides?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine

19
Q

what is the MOA of lipopeptide?

A

binds to components of the gram-positive cell membrane, which causes rapid depolarization and cell death

20
Q

what is the MOA of polymyxins?

A

acts as a cationic detergent that damages the bacterial cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria. This leads to a leakage of cellular contents out of the cell and cell death

21
Q

what is the MOA of fosfomycin?

A

inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting pyruval transferase

22
Q

which beta-lactam is available PO but should not be used PO?

A

ampicillin

23
Q

beta-lactams, glycopeptides, lipoglycopeptides, lipopeptide, polymyxins, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin are all bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

bactericidal

24
Q

which classes are time-dependent?

A

beta-lactams

25
Q

which classes are AUC:MIC dependent?

A

glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides

26
Q

what is the bioavailability for vanco?

A

very poor
PO is only used to treat C. diff

27
Q

which classes are concentation-depedent?

A

lipopeptide
polymyxins

28
Q

all beta-lactams lack activity against what type of bacteria?

A

atypicals

29
Q

natural penicillins cover what gram positives?

A

streptococci
enterococci
anaerobes

30
Q

natural penicillins are the DOC for what organisms?

A

syphilis

31
Q

for aminopenicillins coverage against what is added vs natural penicillins?

A

listeria monocytogenes (helpful in meningiitis)

32
Q

for aminopenicillins better coverage against what gram-positive vs. natural penicillin

A

entercoccus

33
Q

antistaphylococcal penicillins add coverage against what gram-positive?

A

MSSA

34
Q

extended spectrum penicillins with the addition of BLI adds coverage against what types of organisms?

A

HNPEK (haemophilus, Neisseria, proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

35
Q

Zosyn has additional coverage against what organisms vs. the other agents in this group?

A

pseudomonas

36
Q

all cephalosporins lack coverage against what organism?

A

enterococcus

37
Q

most cephalosporins lack active against what type of organisms? except which agents

A

MRSA (except ceftaroline) and most have non against anaerobes (except cefamycin)

38
Q

earlier generations of cephalosporins have more gram positive or negative activity?

A

positive

39
Q

what cephalosporins cover pseudomonas?

A

ceftazidime
cefepime

40
Q

first generation cephalosporins cover what gram-positives?

A

MSSA and streptococci

41
Q

first generation cephalosporins cover what gram-negatives?

A

PEK (proteus, E. coli, klebsiella)

42
Q

second generation cephalosporins add coverage against what (vs 1st gen)?

A

HNPEK (haemophilus, Neisseria, proteus, E.coli, Klebsiella)

43
Q

cefamycins also add coverage against what organism?

A

anaerobic

44
Q
A

ID Exam 3 (2 decks)

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