Simulation Medications Flashcards
Ancef IV
Cefazolin Sodium
Class: Cephalosporin, antibiotic
Action: Fights bacteria within the body
Use: Treats many kinds of bacterial infections, including severe to life threatening forms
Common SE: Pain, swelling, N&V, anorexia, skin rash, itching
Serious SE: Bloody/watery diarrhea, white sores within mouth or on lips, severe tingling, seizure, severe skin reaction, fever, unusual bleeding, oliguria.
Blackbox Warning: Do not use this medication if allergic to any type of penicillin antibiotic
Dosage: IV solution 1 gm/50 mL
Dilute reconstituted solution in 50-100 mL NS, D5W, or other compatible diluent prior to infusion. Injection solution 100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL
Morphine Sulfate
Class: Narcotic analgesic
Action: Combines with specific receptors located in the CNS to produce various effects. Mechanism is believed to involved decreased permeability of the cell membrane to sodium, which results in diminished transmission of pain impulses and therefore analgesia.
Use: Relief of moderate to severe pain, preoperatively for sedation and to reduce apprehension, facilitate induction of anesthesia, control postoperative pain, relieve anxiety, reduce left ventricular work, treat dyspnea.
Common SE: N&V, constipation, somnolence, headache, diplopia, nystagmus, malaise, infection
Serious SE:Respiratory depression, apnea, laryngospasm. Severe toxicity is characterized by profound respiratory depression, apnea, deep sleep, stupor or coma, circulatory collapse, seizures, cardiopulmonary arrest, sepsis, shock, death.
Dosage: Tablet 5-30 mg q 4 hr for analgesia. IV 2-10 mg/70 kg. A strength of 2.5-15 mg can be used in 4-5 mL of water for injection (administer slowly over 4-5 min).
Zosyn
Piperacillin sodium and Tazobactam sodium
Class: Antibiotic, penicillin
Action: Tazobactam inhibits beta-lactamases, thus ensuring activity of piperacililn against beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms. Thus, tazobactam broadens the antibiotic spectrum of piperacillin to those bacteria normally resistant to it.
Use: Appendicitis, skin/skin structure infections, postpartum endometritis, community-acquired pneumonia, moderate to severe nosocomial pneumonia, infections.
Common SE: Diarrhea, constipation, N&, dyspepsia, H/A, rash, rhinitis, dyspnea, abdominal pain.
Serious SE: Fever, agitation, dizziness, anxiety, rash, pruritus, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leuopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, pain, HTN, chest pain, edema.
Dosage: IV adults 12 grams/day piperacillin and 1.5 grams/day tazobactam.
Digoxin
Class: Cardiac glycoside
Pregnancy Category A
Action: Increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction by increasing the refractory period of the AV node and increasing total peripheral resistance. Also decreases HR and decreases rate of conduction
Use: CHF, Control of rapid ventricular contraction rate in clients with atrial fibrillation or flutter, slow heart rate in sinus tachycardia due to CHF, SVT (supraventricular tachycardia), Prophylaxis and treatment of recurrent paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with paroxysmal AV junctional rhythm, Cardiogenic shock.
Common side effects: Tachycardia, headache, dizziness, mental disturbances, N&V, diarrhea, anorexia, blurred or yellow vision.
Serious side effects: death (most often from ventricular fibrillation), acute hemorrhage, convulsions, angioneurotic edema
Digitalization (rapid) Adults: 0.75-1.25 mg divided into two or more doses each given at 6-8 hr intervals
Digitalization (slow) Adult: 0.125-0.5 mg/day for 7 days
Lisinopril
Class: Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
Action: Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme resulting in decreased plasma angiotensin 2, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and decreased aldosterone secretion. Both supine and standing Bps are reduce, although the drug is less effective in African Americans than in Caucasians.
Use: Alone or in combination with a diuretic to treat hypertension, adjunctive therapy to manage heart failure in those who are not responding adequately to diuretics and digitalis, use within 24 hr of acute MI to improve survival.
Common SE: Chest pain, dizziness, H/A, hypotension, fatigue, diarrhea, URTI.
Serious SE: MI, stroke, CVA, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, pulmonary embolism/infarction, malignant lung neoplasms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, anaphylactoid reactions.
Blackbox Warning: ACE inhibitors can cause injury and even death to the developing fetus.
Dosage: Supplied in 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, & 40 mg. 20-40 mg/day given as a single dose. Adjust dose according to BP response.
Cefoxitin IV
Class: Cephalosporin, second generation
Action: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin that is penicillinase and cephalosporinase-resistant and is stable in the presence of beta-lactamases.
Use: Lower respiratory tract infections, UTI’s, intra-abdominal infections, gynecological infections, septicemia, bone/joint infections, skin/skin structure infections, preoperative prophylaxis, infections.
Common SE: N&V, diarrhea, thrombophlebitis.
Serious SE: Bleeding peptic ulcer, hepatic failure, seizures, laryngeal edema, respiratory failure, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemorrhage.
Dosage: Adults, IV 1 gram q 6-8 hr 1 gram q 4 hr or 2 grams q 6-8 hrs, etc. Daily dosage 3-4 grams, 6-8 grams, 12 grams.
Wellbutrin
Bupropion hydrobromide
Class: Antidepressant
Action: Not known. Action is believed to be mediated by noradrenergic an/or dopaminergic mechanisms. Exerts moderate anticholinergic and sedative effects, but only slight orthostatic hypotension.
Use: Treatment of major depressive disorder, aid to stop smoking
Common SE: Agitation, dizziness, H/A, insomnia, sedation, tremor, anorexia, dry mouth, constipation, N&V, weight gain/loss, blurred vision, tachycardia, pharyngitis, URTI, rhinitis.
Serious SE: Seizures, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, suicidal ideation, vaginal hemorrhage, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic reactions
Blackbox Warning: Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior.
Dosage: Initial 174 mg/day then increase to 348 mg/day, maximum is 522 mg/day. Supplied in 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, etc.
Colace
Docusate calcium
Class: Laxative, emollient
Action: Acts by lowering the surface tension of the feces and promoting penetration by water and fat, thus increasing the softness of the fecal mass. Not absorbed systemically and does not seem to interfere with the absorption of nutrients.
Use: Lessens strain of defecation with hernia or CV diseases, megacolon or bedridden clients, constipation associated with dry, hard stools.
Common SE: Diarrhea, N&V, perianal irritation, flatulence, cramps.
Serious SE: Large doses may cause anal seepage resulting in itching, irritation, hemorrhoids, and perianal discomfort, obstruction in the esophagus, stomach, sweating, small intestine, or rectum.
Dosage: Adults 240 mg/day until bowel movements are normal. 50-500 mg depending on the product.
