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MAVM: Clinical Hematology > Simulated Board Examination > Flashcards

Simulated Board Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Disease that has a high neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score is:

A

Polycythemia vera

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2
Q

Factors that are removed by absorbing plasma with barium sulfate or aluminum hydroxide:

A

✅ Factor II
✅ Factor VII
✅ Factor IX
✅ Factor X

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3
Q

Special Hematology test that does NOT require a defibrinated specimen

A

Sugar water test

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4
Q

The granules and cytoplasm of basophils contain abundant deposits of glycogen. Glycogen stains positively with:

A

PAS

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5
Q

The prothrombin tome indicates defects in the following factors:

A 
✅ Factor I
✅ Factor II
✅ Factor V
✅ Factor VII
✅ Factor X
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6
Q

Specimen required for an autohemolysis test:

A

Defibrinated blood

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7
Q

When they are visible on Wrights-Geisma stained smears they are called Pappenheimer bodies. What special stain will demonstrate these RBC inclusions?

A

Perls’ Prussian blue

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8
Q

The red blood cells that are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia: (IDA)

A

Microcytes

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9
Q

The most characteristic change in polymorphonuclear cell in vitamin B12 deficiency is:

A

Hypersegmentation

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10
Q

The appearance of red blood cells in the peripheral smear if you have the following indices:
MCV = 110fL
MCH = 30 pg
MCHC = 33 g/dL

A

Macrocytic, normochronic

(MCV = 80 - 100 fL
MCH = 26 - 32 pg
MCHC = 27 -34 g/dL)
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11
Q

What cells constitute the second largest population of blood leukocytes and are concerned with the immune defense system?

A

Lymphocytes

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12
Q

The immediate precursor of the reticulocyte is:

A

Orthochromatic normoblast

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13
Q

Calcium is sometimes denoted as ______ although not a coagulation factor.

A

Factor IV

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14
Q

Reagents that are used for prothrombin time test

A

Tissue thromboplastin & Iodized calcium

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15
Q

The instrument for coagulation that uses the principle of electromechanical detection in clot formation is:

A

Fibrometer

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16
Q

Anticoagulant that will cause a diffuse blue coloration of the background on blood films stained with a Romanowsky stain:

A

Heparin

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17
Q

Erythrocyte metabolic pathway that provides the majority of the energy needed by the RBCs:

A

Embden-Meyerhof

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18
Q

Coagulation factor that stabilizes the fibrin clot:

A

Factor XIII

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a Romanowsky-type stain:

⏺ Brilliant cresyl blue
⏺ Giemsa
⏺ Wright
⏺ May-Gunwald

A

❌ Brilliant cresyl blue
✅ Giemsa
✅ Wright
✅ May-Gunwald

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20
Q

What evacuated tube is needed to collect blood for vitamin B12 determination?

A

Red top

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21
Q

Acts by forming a complex plasma antithrombin III aand inhibits thrombin and other stages of clotting factor activation

A

Heparin

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22
Q

Variation in shape of erythrocyte is called

A

Poikilocytosis

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23
Q

Rees-Ecker method is used for the following counts:

A

Platelets

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24
Q

What test will determine factor VII deficiency?

A

Prothrombin time

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25
Q

Proteolytic enzyme that acts directly on fibrinogen to form fibrin:

A

Thrombin

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26
Q

The prothrombin groups are all dependent in:

A

Vitamin K

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27
Q

Increase in blood platelets:

A

Thrombocytosis

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28
Q

Cells that are NOT normally seen in peripheral blood smear:

A

Lymphoblast

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29
Q

The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase stain is helpful in distinguishing:

A

Leukemoid reaction from chronic myelogenous leukemia

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30
Q

The LE cell consist of:

A

Phagocyte and engulfed homogenous basophilic nuclear body

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31
Q

What abnormal red cell shape results from premature release of red blood cells, usually in periods of erythropoietic stress and in circumstances in which accelerated hemoglobin synthesis occurs?

A

Macrocytes

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32
Q

What is the procedure useful in screening large numbers of people for the presence of Hb S? Positive reaction in this procedure is opacity in the solution.

A

Dithionite solubility test

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33
Q

Hemoglobin D:

A

121st amino acid of beta chain; glutamine is replaced by glycine

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34
Q

Dilution of anticoagulant in a blue top tube:

A

1:10

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35
Q

For patients under infusion therapy, IV line should be stopped for at least _____ before drawing blood.

A

2 minutes

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36
Q

Dark staining iron containing granules seen in RBCs of a Wright stained smear is known as:

A

Pappenheimer bodies

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37
Q

Which of the following is true regarding DIC?

⏺ D-simer test is positive 4 hours after the onset
⏺ Fibrinogen decreases 4 to 24 hours after onset
⏺ It is highly associated with acute Promyelocytic luekemia
⏺ Platelets decrease up to 48 hors after the onset

A

✅ D-simer test is positive 4 hours after the onset
✅ Fibrinogen decreases 4 to 24 hours after onset
✅ It is highly associated with acute Promyelocytic luekemia
✅ Platelets decrease up to 48 hors after the onset

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38
Q

Cytogenetic abnormality that is associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

A

t (15;17)

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39
Q

Naegeli leukemia is also known as:

A

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

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40
Q

One transferrin is capable of carrying ______ of iron in _____ state.

A

2 atoms, ferric

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41
Q

In hemolytic anemia, reticulocyte count is usually:

A

Increased

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42
Q

The most common type of myelogenous leukemia is:

A

M2

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43
Q

Hairy cell leukemia:

A

B cell chronic leukemia

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44
Q

Formation of this cell results from high cellular sodium and low potassium content:

A

Stomatocytes

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45
Q

Identify the cell:

  • Large cell with multilobed nucleus
  • Ploidy ranges from 4N to 16N
  • Presence of aggregates of material
  • Presence of adhering platelets, surrounding the cell
A

Metamegakaryocyte

46
Q

The majority of hemoglobin present in a normal adult is composed of:

A

2 alpha and 2 beta chains

47
Q

Low molecular weight heparin cannot be detected by APTT; Administration of Vit. K reverses heparin therapy.

A

First statement is true; second statement is false

48
Q

Prolonged tourniquet application:

A

will falsely shorter clotting time results

49
Q

Most common thrombocytopenia in children:

A

Acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura

50
Q

Decreased surface area - volume ratio:

A
  • Increase erythrocyte osmotic fragility

- Is typical in spherocytes

51
Q 
Hypochromatic, Microcytic anemia:
⏺ Thalassemia
⏺ Aplastic anemia
⏺ Sideroblastic anemia
⏺ Sickle cell anemia
A

✅ Thalassemia
❌ Aplastic anemia
✅ Aplastic anemia
❌ Sickle cell anemia

*TAILS

52
Q

Majority of folate is absorbed in the:

A

Jejunum

53
Q 
Which of the following coagulation factors will deteriorate when left at room temperature?
⏺ Factor V
⏺ Factor VII
⏺ Factor VIII
⏺ Factor XI
A

✅ Factor V
❌ Factor VII
✅ Factor VIII
❌ Factor XI

54
Q 
Which of the following coagulation factors are permanently activated at refrigirated temperature?
⏺ Factor V
⏺ Factor VII
⏺ Factor VIII
⏺ Factor XI
A

❌ Factor V
✅ Factor VII
❌ Factor VIII
✅ Factor XI

55
Q

Formation of burr cells can be induced by:

A

Increase urea in blood

56
Q

Formation of Acanthocytes can be induced by:

A

Changes in amounts of lecithin and sphingomyelin

57
Q

In sideroblastic anemia, hypochromia appears in red blood cells because:

A

There is ineffective incorporation of iron to form heme

58
Q

The common finding to all hemolytic anemia is:

A

Increase destruction of erythrocytes

59
Q 
Hemolysis is due to an extracorpular defect in all of the follong, EXCEPT:
⏺ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin
⏺ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
⏺ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
⏺ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
⏺ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
A 
❌ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin
❌ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
❌ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
❌ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
60
Q

Which statement is true about erythrocy development in megaloblastic anemia:
⏺ Nuclear development is delayed
⏺ Nuclear development is normal
⏺ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
⏺ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time

A

✅ Nuclear development is delayed
❌ Nuclear development is normal
❌ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
❌ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time

61
Q

The iron store in the bone marrow are decreased in:

A

Chronic blood loss

62
Q 
Iron deficiency anemina may occur as a result of the following, EXCEPT:
⏺ Pregnancy and lactation
⏺ Achlorhydria
⏺ Imbalanced vegetarian diet
⏺ Garstrointestinal bleeding
⏺ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
A 
✅ Pregnancy and lactation
✅ Achlorhydria
✅ Imbalanced vegetarian diet
✅ Garstrointestinal bleeding
❌ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
63
Q

Characteristic of polycythemia vera.

A

Increase red cells, increase platelets, increase granulocytes.

64
Q

Most common cost of cause of iron deficiency anemia in adult male is:

A

Chronic blood loss

65
Q 
All of the following are inherited hemolytic anemias, EXCEPT:
⏺ G6PD deficiency
⏺ Abetalipoproteinemia
⏺ Hymolytic disease of the newborn
⏺ Heredetary spherocytosis
⏺ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
A 
❌ G6PD deficiency
❌ Abetalipoproteinemia
✅ Hymolytic disease of the newborn
❌ Heredetary spherocytosis
❌ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
66
Q

An increase in hemoglobin A2 is found in:

A

Heterozygous beta thalassemia

67
Q

In a patient with hypo chromic microcytic anemia, it is necessary to distinguish between iron deficiency and:

A

Heterozygous thalassemia

68
Q

Relative polycythemia is characterized by:

A

Inrease total red cell mass and decrease plasma volume

69
Q

Post splenectomy findings include:

A

✅ Target cells
✅ Howell Jolly bodies
✅ Acanthocytes
✅ Thrombocytosis

70
Q

Laboratory findings associated with hemolytic disease of the new born due to Rh incompatibility:

A

✅ Positive direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test)
✅ Macrocytosis
✅ Increased polychromasia

71
Q

Laboratory findings that characterized iron deficiency anemia:

A

✅ Derease serum ferritin

✅ Decrease percent transferrin saturation

72
Q

A hypochromic, microcytic anemia is suggestive of:

A

Chronic blood loss

73
Q

Numerous nucleated red cells are characteristically seen in the pheripheral blood film of patients with:

A

✅ Hemolytic desease of the new born

✅ Thalassemia major

74
Q 
Positive sickle solubility test is found in:
⏺ Carriers of hemoglobin S
⏺ Sickle cell anemia
⏺ thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
⏺ hemoglobin S-C disease
A

✅ Carriers of hemoglobin S
✅ Sickle cell anemia
✅ Thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
✅ Hemoglobin S-C disease

75
Q

Product of extravascular catabolism of erythrocyte:

A

✅ Urobilinogen

✅ Strecobilinogen

76
Q

Most patients with bet thalassemia minor have:

A

✅ Occasional target cells

✅ Increase hemoglobin A2

77
Q

Peripheral blood picture of megaloblastic anemia:

A

✅ Hypersegmented neutrophil
✅ Oval macrocytes
✅ Thrombocytopenia
✅ Leukopenia

78
Q

Inherited structural membrane defects.

A

✅ Hereditary stomatocytosis

✅ Heredetary Elliptocytosis

79
Q

Fragmented red cells and thrombocytopenia may be indications of:

A

✅ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
✅ Hemolytic uremic syndrome

80
Q

Laboratory findings in herdetary sperocytosis:

A

✅ Increase autohemolysis corrected by glucose

✅ Reticulocytosis

81
Q

MCH is usually increased in.

A

Sickle cell anemia

82
Q

Target cells are seen in anemia secondary to:

A

✅ Hepatic disease

✅ Hemoglobin C disease

83
Q

Reticulocytosis:

A

✅ Involve immature red cells
✅ Are usually decreased after hemorrhage
✅ Contain remnants of RNA

84
Q

128

A

128

85
Q 
Hemolysis is due to an extracorpular defect in all of the follong, EXCEPT:
⏺ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin
⏺ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
⏺ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
⏺ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
⏺ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
A 
❌ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin
❌ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
❌ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
❌ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
86
Q

Which statement is true about erythrocy development in megaloblastic anemia:
⏺ Nuclear development is delayed
⏺ Nuclear development is normal
⏺ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
⏺ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time

A

✅ Nuclear development is delayed
❌ Nuclear development is normal
❌ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
❌ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time

87
Q

The iron store in the bone marrow are decreased in:

A

Chronic blood loss

88
Q 
Iron deficiency anemina may occur as a result of the following, EXCEPT:
⏺ Pregnancy and lactation
⏺ Achlorhydria
⏺ Imbalanced vegetarian diet
⏺ Garstrointestinal bleeding
⏺ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
A 
✅ Pregnancy and lactation
✅ Achlorhydria
✅ Imbalanced vegetarian diet
✅ Garstrointestinal bleeding
❌ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
89
Q

Characteristic of polycythemia vera.

A

Increase red cells, increase platelets, increase granulocytes.

90
Q

Most common cost of cause of iron deficiency anemia in adult male is:

A

Chronic blood loss

91
Q 
All of the following are inherited hemolytic anemias, EXCEPT:
⏺ G6PD deficiency
⏺ Abetalipoproteinemia
⏺ Hymolytic disease of the newborn
⏺ Heredetary spherocytosis
⏺ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
A 
❌ G6PD deficiency
❌ Abetalipoproteinemia
✅ Hymolytic disease of the newborn
❌ Heredetary spherocytosis
❌ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
92
Q

An increase in hemoglobin A2 is found in:

A

Heterozygous beta thalassemia

93
Q

In a patient with hypo chromic microcytic anemia, it is necessary to distinguish between iron deficiency and:

A

Heterozygous thalassemia

94
Q

Relative polycythemia is characterized by:

A

Inrease total red cell mass and decrease plasma volume

95
Q

Post splenectomy findings include:

A

✅ Target cells
✅ Howell Jolly bodies
✅ Acanthocytes
✅ Thrombocytosis

96
Q

Laboratory findings associated with hemolytic disease of the new born due to Rh incompatibility:

A

✅ Positive direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test)
✅ Macrocytosis
✅ Increased polychromasia

97
Q

Laboratory findings that characterized iron deficiency anemia:

A

✅ Derease serum ferritin

✅ Decrease percent transferrin saturation

98
Q

A hypochromic, microcytic anemia is suggestive of:

A

Chronic blood loss

99
Q

Numerous nucleated red cells are characteristically seen in the pheripheral blood film of patients with:

A

✅ Hemolytic desease of the new born

✅ Thalassemia major

100
Q 
Positive sickle solubility test is found in:
⏺ Carriers of hemoglobin S
⏺ Sickle cell anemia
⏺ thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
⏺ hemoglobin S-C disease
A

✅ Carriers of hemoglobin S
✅ Sickle cell anemia
✅ Thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
✅ Hemoglobin S-C disease

101
Q

Product of extravascular catabolism of erythrocyte:

A

✅ Urobilinogen

✅ Strecobilinogen

102
Q

Most patients with bet thalassemia minor have:

A

✅ Occasional target cells

✅ Increase hemoglobin A2

103
Q

Peripheral blood picture of megaloblastic anemia:

A

✅ Hypersegmented neutrophil
✅ Oval macrocytes
✅ Thrombocytopenia
✅ Leukopenia

104
Q

Inherited structural membrane defects.

A

✅ Hereditary stomatocytosis

✅ Heredetary Elliptocytosis

105
Q

Fragmented red cells and thrombocytopenia may be indications of:

A

✅ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
✅ Hemolytic uremic syndrome

106
Q

Laboratory findings in herdetary sperocytosis:

A

✅ Increase autohemolysis corrected by glucose

✅ Reticulocytosis

107
Q

MCH is usually increased in.

A

Sickle cell anemia

108
Q

Target cells are seen in anemia secondary to:

A

✅ Hepatic disease

✅ Hemoglobin C disease

109
Q

Reticulocytosis:

A

✅ Involve immature red cells
✅ Are usually decreased after hemorrhage
✅ Contain remnants of RNA

110
Q

128

A

128

MAVM: Clinical Hematology (2 decks)

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