Simulated Board Examination Flashcards
Disease that has a high neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score is:
Polycythemia vera
Factors that are removed by absorbing plasma with barium sulfate or aluminum hydroxide:
✅ Factor II
✅ Factor VII
✅ Factor IX
✅ Factor X
Special Hematology test that does NOT require a defibrinated specimen
Sugar water test
The granules and cytoplasm of basophils contain abundant deposits of glycogen. Glycogen stains positively with:
PAS
The prothrombin tome indicates defects in the following factors:
✅ Factor I ✅ Factor II ✅ Factor V ✅ Factor VII ✅ Factor X
Specimen required for an autohemolysis test:
Defibrinated blood
When they are visible on Wrights-Geisma stained smears they are called Pappenheimer bodies. What special stain will demonstrate these RBC inclusions?
Perls’ Prussian blue
The red blood cells that are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia: (IDA)
Microcytes
The most characteristic change in polymorphonuclear cell in vitamin B12 deficiency is:
Hypersegmentation
The appearance of red blood cells in the peripheral smear if you have the following indices:
MCV = 110fL
MCH = 30 pg
MCHC = 33 g/dL
Macrocytic, normochronic
(MCV = 80 - 100 fL MCH = 26 - 32 pg MCHC = 27 -34 g/dL)
What cells constitute the second largest population of blood leukocytes and are concerned with the immune defense system?
Lymphocytes
The immediate precursor of the reticulocyte is:
Orthochromatic normoblast
Calcium is sometimes denoted as ______ although not a coagulation factor.
Factor IV
Reagents that are used for prothrombin time test
Tissue thromboplastin & Iodized calcium
The instrument for coagulation that uses the principle of electromechanical detection in clot formation is:
Fibrometer
Anticoagulant that will cause a diffuse blue coloration of the background on blood films stained with a Romanowsky stain:
Heparin
Erythrocyte metabolic pathway that provides the majority of the energy needed by the RBCs:
Embden-Meyerhof
Coagulation factor that stabilizes the fibrin clot:
Factor XIII
Which of the following is NOT a Romanowsky-type stain:
⏺ Brilliant cresyl blue
⏺ Giemsa
⏺ Wright
⏺ May-Gunwald
❌ Brilliant cresyl blue
✅ Giemsa
✅ Wright
✅ May-Gunwald
What evacuated tube is needed to collect blood for vitamin B12 determination?
Red top
Acts by forming a complex plasma antithrombin III aand inhibits thrombin and other stages of clotting factor activation
Heparin
Variation in shape of erythrocyte is called
Poikilocytosis
Rees-Ecker method is used for the following counts:
Platelets
What test will determine factor VII deficiency?
Prothrombin time
Proteolytic enzyme that acts directly on fibrinogen to form fibrin:
Thrombin
The prothrombin groups are all dependent in:
Vitamin K
Increase in blood platelets:
Thrombocytosis
Cells that are NOT normally seen in peripheral blood smear:
Lymphoblast
The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase stain is helpful in distinguishing:
Leukemoid reaction from chronic myelogenous leukemia
The LE cell consist of:
Phagocyte and engulfed homogenous basophilic nuclear body
What abnormal red cell shape results from premature release of red blood cells, usually in periods of erythropoietic stress and in circumstances in which accelerated hemoglobin synthesis occurs?
Macrocytes
What is the procedure useful in screening large numbers of people for the presence of Hb S? Positive reaction in this procedure is opacity in the solution.
Dithionite solubility test
Hemoglobin D:
121st amino acid of beta chain; glutamine is replaced by glycine
Dilution of anticoagulant in a blue top tube:
1:10
For patients under infusion therapy, IV line should be stopped for at least _____ before drawing blood.
2 minutes
Dark staining iron containing granules seen in RBCs of a Wright stained smear is known as:
Pappenheimer bodies
Which of the following is true regarding DIC?
⏺ D-simer test is positive 4 hours after the onset
⏺ Fibrinogen decreases 4 to 24 hours after onset
⏺ It is highly associated with acute Promyelocytic luekemia
⏺ Platelets decrease up to 48 hors after the onset
✅ D-simer test is positive 4 hours after the onset
✅ Fibrinogen decreases 4 to 24 hours after onset
✅ It is highly associated with acute Promyelocytic luekemia
✅ Platelets decrease up to 48 hors after the onset
Cytogenetic abnormality that is associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia.
t (15;17)
Naegeli leukemia is also known as:
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
One transferrin is capable of carrying ______ of iron in _____ state.
2 atoms, ferric
In hemolytic anemia, reticulocyte count is usually:
Increased
The most common type of myelogenous leukemia is:
M2
Hairy cell leukemia:
B cell chronic leukemia
Formation of this cell results from high cellular sodium and low potassium content:
Stomatocytes
Identify the cell:
- Large cell with multilobed nucleus
- Ploidy ranges from 4N to 16N
- Presence of aggregates of material
- Presence of adhering platelets, surrounding the cell
Metamegakaryocyte
The majority of hemoglobin present in a normal adult is composed of:
2 alpha and 2 beta chains
Low molecular weight heparin cannot be detected by APTT; Administration of Vit. K reverses heparin therapy.
First statement is true; second statement is false
Prolonged tourniquet application:
will falsely shorter clotting time results
Most common thrombocytopenia in children:
Acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Decreased surface area - volume ratio:
- Increase erythrocyte osmotic fragility
- Is typical in spherocytes
Hypochromatic, Microcytic anemia: ⏺ Thalassemia ⏺ Aplastic anemia ⏺ Sideroblastic anemia ⏺ Sickle cell anemia
✅ Thalassemia
❌ Aplastic anemia
✅ Aplastic anemia
❌ Sickle cell anemia
*TAILS
Majority of folate is absorbed in the:
Jejunum
Which of the following coagulation factors will deteriorate when left at room temperature? ⏺ Factor V ⏺ Factor VII ⏺ Factor VIII ⏺ Factor XI
✅ Factor V
❌ Factor VII
✅ Factor VIII
❌ Factor XI
Which of the following coagulation factors are permanently activated at refrigirated temperature? ⏺ Factor V ⏺ Factor VII ⏺ Factor VIII ⏺ Factor XI
❌ Factor V
✅ Factor VII
❌ Factor VIII
✅ Factor XI
Formation of burr cells can be induced by:
Increase urea in blood
Formation of Acanthocytes can be induced by:
Changes in amounts of lecithin and sphingomyelin
In sideroblastic anemia, hypochromia appears in red blood cells because:
There is ineffective incorporation of iron to form heme
The common finding to all hemolytic anemia is:
Increase destruction of erythrocytes
Hemolysis is due to an extracorpular defect in all of the follong, EXCEPT: ⏺ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin ⏺ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ⏺ Disseminated intravascular coagulation ⏺ Hemolytic uremic syndrome ⏺ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
❌ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin ❌ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ❌ Disseminated intravascular coagulation ❌ Hemolytic uremic syndrome ✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Which statement is true about erythrocy development in megaloblastic anemia:
⏺ Nuclear development is delayed
⏺ Nuclear development is normal
⏺ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
⏺ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time
✅ Nuclear development is delayed
❌ Nuclear development is normal
❌ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
❌ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time
The iron store in the bone marrow are decreased in:
Chronic blood loss
Iron deficiency anemina may occur as a result of the following, EXCEPT: ⏺ Pregnancy and lactation ⏺ Achlorhydria ⏺ Imbalanced vegetarian diet ⏺ Garstrointestinal bleeding ⏺ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
✅ Pregnancy and lactation ✅ Achlorhydria ✅ Imbalanced vegetarian diet ✅ Garstrointestinal bleeding ❌ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
Characteristic of polycythemia vera.
Increase red cells, increase platelets, increase granulocytes.
Most common cost of cause of iron deficiency anemia in adult male is:
Chronic blood loss
All of the following are inherited hemolytic anemias, EXCEPT: ⏺ G6PD deficiency ⏺ Abetalipoproteinemia ⏺ Hymolytic disease of the newborn ⏺ Heredetary spherocytosis ⏺ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
❌ G6PD deficiency ❌ Abetalipoproteinemia ✅ Hymolytic disease of the newborn ❌ Heredetary spherocytosis ❌ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
An increase in hemoglobin A2 is found in:
Heterozygous beta thalassemia
In a patient with hypo chromic microcytic anemia, it is necessary to distinguish between iron deficiency and:
Heterozygous thalassemia
Relative polycythemia is characterized by:
Inrease total red cell mass and decrease plasma volume
Post splenectomy findings include:
✅ Target cells
✅ Howell Jolly bodies
✅ Acanthocytes
✅ Thrombocytosis
Laboratory findings associated with hemolytic disease of the new born due to Rh incompatibility:
✅ Positive direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test)
✅ Macrocytosis
✅ Increased polychromasia
Laboratory findings that characterized iron deficiency anemia:
✅ Derease serum ferritin
✅ Decrease percent transferrin saturation
A hypochromic, microcytic anemia is suggestive of:
Chronic blood loss
Numerous nucleated red cells are characteristically seen in the pheripheral blood film of patients with:
✅ Hemolytic desease of the new born
✅ Thalassemia major
Positive sickle solubility test is found in: ⏺ Carriers of hemoglobin S ⏺ Sickle cell anemia ⏺ thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease ⏺ hemoglobin S-C disease
✅ Carriers of hemoglobin S
✅ Sickle cell anemia
✅ Thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
✅ Hemoglobin S-C disease
Product of extravascular catabolism of erythrocyte:
✅ Urobilinogen
✅ Strecobilinogen
Most patients with bet thalassemia minor have:
✅ Occasional target cells
✅ Increase hemoglobin A2
Peripheral blood picture of megaloblastic anemia:
✅ Hypersegmented neutrophil
✅ Oval macrocytes
✅ Thrombocytopenia
✅ Leukopenia
Inherited structural membrane defects.
✅ Hereditary stomatocytosis
✅ Heredetary Elliptocytosis
Fragmented red cells and thrombocytopenia may be indications of:
✅ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
✅ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Laboratory findings in herdetary sperocytosis:
✅ Increase autohemolysis corrected by glucose
✅ Reticulocytosis
MCH is usually increased in.
Sickle cell anemia
Target cells are seen in anemia secondary to:
✅ Hepatic disease
✅ Hemoglobin C disease
Reticulocytosis:
✅ Involve immature red cells
✅ Are usually decreased after hemorrhage
✅ Contain remnants of RNA
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Hemolysis is due to an extracorpular defect in all of the follong, EXCEPT: ⏺ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin ⏺ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ⏺ Disseminated intravascular coagulation ⏺ Hemolytic uremic syndrome ⏺ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
❌ Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin ❌ Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ❌ Disseminated intravascular coagulation ❌ Hemolytic uremic syndrome ✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Which statement is true about erythrocy development in megaloblastic anemia:
⏺ Nuclear development is delayed
⏺ Nuclear development is normal
⏺ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
⏺ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time
✅ Nuclear development is delayed
❌ Nuclear development is normal
❌ Cytoplasmic development is delayed
❌ Cytoplasm and nucleus develop at the same time
The iron store in the bone marrow are decreased in:
Chronic blood loss
Iron deficiency anemina may occur as a result of the following, EXCEPT: ⏺ Pregnancy and lactation ⏺ Achlorhydria ⏺ Imbalanced vegetarian diet ⏺ Garstrointestinal bleeding ⏺ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
✅ Pregnancy and lactation ✅ Achlorhydria ✅ Imbalanced vegetarian diet ✅ Garstrointestinal bleeding ❌ Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency
Characteristic of polycythemia vera.
Increase red cells, increase platelets, increase granulocytes.
Most common cost of cause of iron deficiency anemia in adult male is:
Chronic blood loss
All of the following are inherited hemolytic anemias, EXCEPT: ⏺ G6PD deficiency ⏺ Abetalipoproteinemia ⏺ Hymolytic disease of the newborn ⏺ Heredetary spherocytosis ⏺ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
❌ G6PD deficiency ❌ Abetalipoproteinemia ✅ Hymolytic disease of the newborn ❌ Heredetary spherocytosis ❌ Pyrvate kinase deficiency
An increase in hemoglobin A2 is found in:
Heterozygous beta thalassemia
In a patient with hypo chromic microcytic anemia, it is necessary to distinguish between iron deficiency and:
Heterozygous thalassemia
Relative polycythemia is characterized by:
Inrease total red cell mass and decrease plasma volume
Post splenectomy findings include:
✅ Target cells
✅ Howell Jolly bodies
✅ Acanthocytes
✅ Thrombocytosis
Laboratory findings associated with hemolytic disease of the new born due to Rh incompatibility:
✅ Positive direct antiglobulin test (Coomb’s test)
✅ Macrocytosis
✅ Increased polychromasia
Laboratory findings that characterized iron deficiency anemia:
✅ Derease serum ferritin
✅ Decrease percent transferrin saturation
A hypochromic, microcytic anemia is suggestive of:
Chronic blood loss
Numerous nucleated red cells are characteristically seen in the pheripheral blood film of patients with:
✅ Hemolytic desease of the new born
✅ Thalassemia major
Positive sickle solubility test is found in: ⏺ Carriers of hemoglobin S ⏺ Sickle cell anemia ⏺ thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease ⏺ hemoglobin S-C disease
✅ Carriers of hemoglobin S
✅ Sickle cell anemia
✅ Thalassemia-hemoglobin S disease
✅ Hemoglobin S-C disease
Product of extravascular catabolism of erythrocyte:
✅ Urobilinogen
✅ Strecobilinogen
Most patients with bet thalassemia minor have:
✅ Occasional target cells
✅ Increase hemoglobin A2
Peripheral blood picture of megaloblastic anemia:
✅ Hypersegmented neutrophil
✅ Oval macrocytes
✅ Thrombocytopenia
✅ Leukopenia
Inherited structural membrane defects.
✅ Hereditary stomatocytosis
✅ Heredetary Elliptocytosis
Fragmented red cells and thrombocytopenia may be indications of:
✅ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
✅ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
✅ Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Laboratory findings in herdetary sperocytosis:
✅ Increase autohemolysis corrected by glucose
✅ Reticulocytosis
MCH is usually increased in.
Sickle cell anemia
Target cells are seen in anemia secondary to:
✅ Hepatic disease
✅ Hemoglobin C disease
Reticulocytosis:
✅ Involve immature red cells
✅ Are usually decreased after hemorrhage
✅ Contain remnants of RNA
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