Simu 2 text

Question 1

Finite rate of increase is LAMBDA. What is it

Answer 1

Nₜ₊₁ / Nₜ

Nₜ₊₁ is population size at one time

Nₜ is population size in previous step

Question 2

The generalized version of the finite rate of increase is the ________ _______ model.

Answer 2

geometric

population

Question 3

What is the formula of the geometric population growth model? When does it apply?

Answer 3

Nₜ = N₀λᵗ

For “Discrete reproduction” Organisms that have one distinct period of reproduction each year usually with unlimited resources.

Question 4

anadromous fish means

Answer 4

born in fresh water, live in saltwater, come back to freshwater to breed

Question 5

What is exponential growth equation? When does it apply?

Answer 5

Nₜ = N₀eʳᵗ

where r = ln(λ)

Applies to continuously reproducing populations

Question 6

what does symbol of r stand for

Answer 6

intrinsic growth rate (how fast population rate is changing rn)

and/or

per capita growth rate

Question 7

r maximum or rmax represents

Answer 7

Maximum intrinsic growth rate, where species is growing to the max in perfect conditions

Question 8

per capita growth rate

Answer 8

rate of additional individuals being added to clurb per individual already in clurb

Question 9

Doubling time

Answer 9

td = 0.693/r

Question 10

replacement level

Answer 10

rate of production that offsets mortality to maintain a population size

Question 11

relationship of intrinsic growth rate and per capita rate

Answer 11

they r the same but intrinsic is for constant growth rate and per capita isnt

Question 12

what is carrying capacity and symbol

Answer 12

“K” for the maximum number of individuals that a environment can support

Question 13

Logistic growth is when __ ______ rate increases then slows down to no growth creating an _________ ________

Answer 13

per capita

S shape

Question 14

Logistic growth equation is _______ where constant __ is ______ _____ and constant _ is _______ _______

Answer 14

dN/dt = rN(1- N/K)

N is population size

K is carrying capacity

Question 15

when population size (N) equals carrying capacity (K), dN/dt will be

Answer 15

zero (population size stops changing

Question 16

when does logistic growth population grow fastest

Answer 16

medium (half) size

Question 17

the per capita growth rate of a logistic growth population is is highest when

Answer 17

smallest population size

Question 18

what is density dependant factors? 3 examples

Answer 18

Factors that have an impact that is dependant on population size.

• disease
• predation
• food

Question 19

intraspecific competition

Answer 19

members of same population compete for LIMITED resources

Question 20

biotic and abiotic

Answer 20

living and non living

Question 21

If population size only change based on birth and death, r is calculated as

Answer 21

r = b - d

Question 22

Immigration and emigration (definition and formula)

Answer 22

coming in

leaving

r = b - d + i - e

Question 23

Source-sink system

Answer 23

when a steady population (source) emigrates to rescue nearby unstable/smaller populations (sink)

Question 24

patch extinction rate is

Answer 24

chance that population occupying the patch will go extinct per unit of time

Question 25

patch extinction rate formula

Answer 25

patch extinction rate = 0.5/T₁/₂

Question 26

metapopulation

Answer 26

spatially distinct subpopulations of the same species connected through dispersal. The entire population is alive, but sometimes certain subpopulations can be extinct.

Question 27

metapopulation equation

Answer 27

dP/dt = cP(1-P)-eP

Question 28

Populations in patch dynamics are assumed to go extinct at some constant

Answer 28

e

Question 29

Colonization patches is affect by

Answer 29

Fraction of currently occupied patches (P)

Fraction of empty patches (1-P)

Question 30

environmental stoichasity

Answer 30

random variations in resources, environment, weather etc that causes fluctuations in population growth rate

Question 31

demographic stoichasity

Answer 31

population determined by birth and death rate

Question 32

allee effect is the ______ correlation between _________ ____ and __________________________. What does this mean?

Answer 32

Positive

population size

per capita growth rate

• Smaller population leads to lower birth rate and higher death rate REGARDLESS of other factors

Question 33

Patch

Answer 33

spatially distinct population