Simu 2 text Flashcards
Finite rate of increase is LAMBDA. What is it
Nₜ₊₁ / Nₜ
Nₜ₊₁ is population size at one time
Nₜ is population size in previous step
The generalized version of the finite rate of increase is the ________ _______ model.
geometric
population
What is the formula of the geometric population growth model? When does it apply?
Nₜ = N₀λᵗ
For “Discrete reproduction” Organisms that have one distinct period of reproduction each year usually with unlimited resources.
anadromous fish means
born in fresh water, live in saltwater, come back to freshwater to breed
What is exponential growth equation? When does it apply?
Nₜ = N₀eʳᵗ
where r = ln(λ)
Applies to continuously reproducing populations
what does symbol of r stand for
intrinsic growth rate (how fast population rate is changing rn)
and/or
per capita growth rate
r maximum or rmax represents
Maximum intrinsic growth rate, where species is growing to the max in perfect conditions
per capita growth rate
rate of additional individuals being added to clurb per individual already in clurb
Doubling time
td = 0.693/r
replacement level
rate of production that offsets mortality to maintain a population size
relationship of intrinsic growth rate and per capita rate
they r the same but intrinsic is for constant growth rate and per capita isnt
what is carrying capacity and symbol
“K” for the maximum number of individuals that a environment can support
Logistic growth is when __ ______ rate increases then slows down to no growth creating an _________ ________
per capita
S shape
Logistic growth equation is _______ where constant __ is ______ _____ and constant _ is _______ _______
dN/dt = rN(1- N/K)
N is population size
K is carrying capacity
when population size (N) equals carrying capacity (K), dN/dt will be
zero (population size stops changing
when does logistic growth population grow fastest
medium (half) size
the per capita growth rate of a logistic growth population is is highest when
smallest population size
what is density dependant factors? 3 examples
Factors that have an impact that is dependant on population size.
- disease
- predation
- food
intraspecific competition
members of same population compete for LIMITED resources
biotic and abiotic
living and non living
If population size only change based on birth and death, r is calculated as
r = b - d
Immigration and emigration (definition and formula)
coming in
leaving
r = b - d + i - e
Source-sink system
when a steady population (source) emigrates to rescue nearby unstable/smaller populations (sink)
patch extinction rate is
chance that population occupying the patch will go extinct per unit of time
patch extinction rate formula
patch extinction rate = 0.5/T₁/₂
metapopulation
spatially distinct subpopulations of the same species connected through dispersal. The entire population is alive, but sometimes certain subpopulations can be extinct.
metapopulation equation
dP/dt = cP(1-P)-eP
Populations in patch dynamics are assumed to go extinct at some constant
e
Colonization patches is affect by
Fraction of currently occupied patches (P)
Fraction of empty patches (1-P)
environmental stoichasity
random variations in resources, environment, weather etc that causes fluctuations in population growth rate
demographic stoichasity
population determined by birth and death rate
allee effect is the ______ correlation between _________ ____ and __________________________. What does this mean?
Positive
population size
per capita growth rate
- Smaller population leads to lower birth rate and higher death rate REGARDLESS of other factors
Patch
spatially distinct population
