Simplifying and Standardizing Technique Flashcards

1
Q

What does a standardized approach to imaging provide?

A

Consistency from one image to the next, which helps troubleshoot when imaging errors need to be investigated

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2
Q

What are the 3 phases of standardization?

A
  • Standardization of projections
  • Standarization of Exposure factors
  • Standardization of imag processing
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3
Q

What is the standardization of projections?

A

A set of standard views determined by radiology departments

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4
Q

What should the standardization of projections include?

A
  • Central ray positioning
  • Collimation settings
  • Image receptor sizes
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5
Q

How are standardization of exposure factors recorded?

A

Using technique charts which should be displayed throughout the department

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6
Q

What should technique charts include?

A

The input from all techs who use it and be flexible enough to conside the size of parts/patients

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7
Q

What average technique charts work for 90% of patients?

A

Technique charts for distal extremeties and the skull

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8
Q

What are the development requirements for a technique chart?

A
  • Input from all radiographers
  • Regular equiptment callibration
  • Updates every 6 months
  • No modification by individual radiographers
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9
Q

What it the most important reason to use a technique chart?

A

So more consistent radiographic quality is achieved

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10
Q

What are the secondary benefits of technique charts?

A
  • Professionalism is enhanced
  • Department costs for repeats can be cut
  • Radiation exposure to patient can be cut
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11
Q

What are the two kVp approaches to standardized exposure factors?

A
  • Fixed kVp
  • Variable kVp
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12
Q

What is a fixed kVp?

A

When the KV is kept the same (low) based on part thickness and only mAs is adjusted accordingly

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13
Q

Why is fixed kVp less relevant now?

A

Less relevant now that contrast is determined by the digital system

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14
Q

What is a variable kVp formula?

A

When kVp is set to two times the measured by plus base 60

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15
Q

What is the kVp that should be used for a part measuring 13 cm?

A

kVp = 2(13) + 60
kVp = 26+ 60
kVp = 86

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16
Q

When using variable kVp, what is the genereal rule that should be applied to kVp?

A

Minimum kvp values still need to be met to ensure adequate penetration of the part

17
Q

How is mAs impacted by variable kVp?

A

mAs will need to be adjusted for different body areas

18
Q

What are the special considerations for chest xrays when it comes to kVp?

A
  • minimum kVp of 110 should be used for PA
  • minimum kVp of 120 should be used for lateral
  • Lower kVp should be used for portable cxr’s due to battery limitations
19
Q

What are the special considerations for pediatric chest imaging when it comes to kVp?

A

No technique change is needed when switching from AP to lateral projections for babies with circular torsos

20
Q

What are the special considerations for lumbar imaging when it comes to kVp?

A

A oblique lumbar projection requires double the exposure

21
Q

What are the special considerations for part thickness when it comes to techniques?

A
  • every 4cm change in part thickness requires double the exposure which can be achieved by a 15% increase in Kvp
22
Q

How is image processing standardized?

A
  • Use of different algoriths
  • APRs
  • DR procedureal algorithms
23
Q

What are APRs?

A

Programmed techniques that come up when you select a specific projection